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So Yukinori Kawae is research fellow at the Research Center

for Cultural Heritage and Text, Graduate School of Letters,

Nagoya University, Japan.

And he first saw the Giza pyramids way back in 1992

as a 19-year-old traveling from Japan to study the site.

He moved to Cairo straight out of high school.

And since then, Yuki's spent 16 years in Egypt

and graduated from the American University in Cairo

with his degree in Egyptology.

And that was under one of our former speakers

this semester, Dr. Salima Ikram.

He started his academic career as a member

of the Ancient Egypt Research Associates led by Mark Lehner,

and he was one of the supervisors

of the Heit el-Ghurab site, the so-called lost

city of the pyramids just to the south of Giza.

Since the earliest stage of the introduction

of 3D technology into the field of Egyptian archeology,

he worked with 3D surveys of ancient megalithic structures.

In 2006, he joined an interdisciplinary research

project to produce 3D surveys of the tomb of Queen Khentkawes--

that's that stumpy pyramid of Giza,

the so-called fourth pyramid--

and also in the worker's cemetery of Giza.

And in 2008, at the request of the Supreme Council

of Antiquities, as it was known then--

now it is the Ministry of State for Antiquities in Egypt--

he formed an industry, academic, and government project

and successfully completed comprehensive 3D documentation

of Egypt's oldest pyramid, the step pyramid of Djoser

at Saqqara, which is now under restoration.

In 2013, he expanded his collaborative research

to include a Japanese TV production company.

With a crew from TV Man Union, he

climbed the Great Pyramid of Khufu

to get data on its core masonry.

Currently, he's working with the Czech Institute of Egyptology,

led by Dr. Miroslav Barta--

another name you may find familiar

because he was another one of our speakers this semester.

So I love the way our speaker series is

coming full circle this term.

And he's leading an interdisciplinary approach

that incorporates computer science

and applied math to record the pyramids at Abusir,

the royal cemetery from the fifth dynasty.

It's about 11 kilometers south of Giza.

In 2016, Yuki was selected for the singular

honor of being a National Geographic Emerging Explorer.

In 2017, his team carried out the first drone survey

at Giza in collaboration with TV Man Union

and successfully produced the first detailed 3D data

of the Giza pyramids.

A TV documentary inspired a young Yuki

to become an archaeologist, and now he is the one on screen,

appearing in Japanese programs and giving

talks about Egyptian archeology and the history

of ancient Egypt.

And that's what he's here to do for us tonight.

Please welcome Yukinori Kawae.

So thank you, Peter, to introduce

comprehensive my career.

So hello everybody.

I'm very pleased to give a presentation here

at Harvard University.

Because, you know, this university

is a place where Professor George Reisner was teaching.

So he was one of the master archaeologists who

worked at Giza for a long time and also established

scientific and systematic survey and the mapping

in Egyptian archeology.

So the general public, and even Egyptologists,

tended to attach little importance

to surveying and mapping compared to discovery.

But they are, of course, some of the most important tasks

in the field of archeology.

The father of Egyptian archaeologists, Sir Flinders

Petrie, said that most indispensable

and important in the tools she brought

to an archaeological site was a camera.

This is because, unlike line drawing and narrative

descriptions, which are archaeological interpretation,

a photo can contain the variety of the objective information.

So recently, digital cameras contain much more information

than previous thought.

So a photo contains not only shape

and the color information, but also

camera parameter and the GPS information [INAUDIBLE]..

So by using such information with the structure

from motion technique, which I'm going to talk later,

we can now produce 3D data.

So furthermore, by attaching the camera to a drone,

so it is possible to obtain image data over a place

where access was previously impossible.

So we can now obtain 3D data that

has never been produced before.

So this video footage, you now think,

is the top of the Khafre Pyramid,

second pyramid of Giza.

So even though it is a pyramid, everyone knows, no one

was able to see the detail of this place.

This is actually the first time to show this video footage

in the US.

And by using the image photographed by drone,

we successfully produced the 3D data of Khafre's Pyramid.

So today, I will introduce the history

of our activities of 3D surveys of Memphite pyramids

with most recent, this 3D drone survey of Giza pyramids.

But first, I will talk about our normal 3D survey

using terrestrial time-of-flight laser scanner at Giza.

So in 2006, Ancient Egypt Research Associates,

led by Dr. Mark Lehner, established Giza laser

scanning survey team with Japanese consulting

to scan tomb of Queen Khentkawes I at Giza.

I was a member of this team.

So my 3D documentation of a Memphite royal tomb

began with a 3D laser scanning survey of tomb of Khentkawes.

So this has happened.

So Queen Khentkawes is a mysterious figure,

having ambiguous title which, depending

on the interpretation, means either she

was a mother of two kings of Upper and Lower Egypt,

or she was actually the King of Upper and Lower Egypt

and also mother of King of Upper and Lower Egypt.

So she may have reigned over Egypt

for a short time after Menkaure and his successor, Shepseskaf,

at the end of the fourth dynasty.

So our team, focused on 3D scanning

Khentkawes' giant mastaba-like tomb,

which is composed of two parts.

Base cut from natural limestone bedrock, this part, 45.5

by 45.8 meter, and 10 meter high.

And superstructure rising in 11 course of limestone blocks

to a height of 7.5 meters.

So her tomb stands at Giza.

So southeast of Giza plateau and near the central field

of the Giza cemetery and the central valley.

So using three laser scanners, our team work for two weeks

to capture her monument to produce

the first detailed archaeological data

of this unusual tomb.

Previously, Egyptian archaeologist Selim Hassan

excavated the base of the monument in 1932 to 1933,

and published 100 to 200 [? stigmatic ?] maps.

So later, Vito Maragioglio and Celeste Rinaldi,

Italian architects, also studied architecture of the tomb.

So their plans on the section are only

the one today that shows architectural detail

and includes specific measurements.

So this is our updated orthophotographic plan

produced from our laser scanning data which, as you can see--

so very different from previous archaeological map.

And it is interesting to note that her tomb is not square,

but somewhat parallelogram in shape.

The reason for this shape may have

been the result of quarrying activity

along the natural fissure once running around her tomb.

So this is an elevation of Mokattam.

Onto the south face of a bedrock pedestal,

a series of tall, broad panel.

And the [INAUDIBLE] and the recessed niches,

we know it's a palace facade motif were carved.

So this motif commonly appears on sarcophagi

and also the mastaba of the early dynasties.

The panel facades, decoration, and the most of which

has been eroded here, as you can see here.

But the remains of the niches and the panels identify that--

like here, at the far upper east end,

and also here at the very bottom of the southern face--

so this tells us that it was intended

to create eight broad, decorative facades with eight

simple facades like that.

So reconstruction of palace facades

indicated by white line, while this red line

indicates the remains of the niches and panels.

So our first 3D survey, in 2006--

it's more than 10 years--

clearly indicated that this survey technique

is very useful in the field of Egyptian archeology.

But at the same time, it became also clear

that 3D data is not easily handled

without expensive software and the professional expertise,

due to the massive amount of data.

So we attempt to solve this problem next project at Abusir.

So in 2015, as a summer project of Abusir

archaeological exploration conducted

by Czech Institute of Egyptology,

we again, Japanese consulting, initiated Abusir 3D survey

for 3D documentation of the site pyramid.

The first season of project focused

on exterior of Neferirkare's pyramid, which is the largest

pyramid at Abusir.

So Neferirkare was the third king of the fifth dynasty.

So his pyramid was unique appearance.

And it's thought to have originally been constructed

using step pyramid style.

But it was later altered to true pyramid, for unknown reason,

with base lengths of 105 meters, and rising

to a height of 72 meters.

So Abusir is located about 11 kilometers south of Giza.

It served as one of the main area of cemeteries

for ancient Egyptian capital city of Memphis,

especially the [? first few ?] dynasty of the Old Kingdom.

The Czech Institute of Egyptology

has been conducting excavation at Abusir since the 1970s.

The excavations are currently directed

by Professor Miroslav Barta, who gave a lecture here

last November.

I'm sure some of you actually attend the lecture.

So academic research using 3D technology

has become popular in the field of Egyptian archeology.

But also, this new technology allowed

for more detailed documentation than conventional hand mapping,

like the one I showed you.

It has yet to be fully integrated

into archaeological research.

There appear to be several reasons for this situation.

One of the crucial reasons, I think,

is that the 3D surveys normally have no other option

than to scan a subject as thoroughly as

possible in the hope of gathering whatever data might

be considered relevant to [? projectable. ?]

But this results in a large and unnecessary volume of 3D data.

So that is not easily handled without expensive software

and the professional expertise.

So in essence, we can call this overscanning of subject.

In offering a solution to this problem,

we promote interactive interdisciplinary research

program conducted by archaeologists and engineers,

computer scientists, as well as software engineers

and applied mathematicians in order to properly document

a monument.

Actually, my team--

I'm the only archaeologist, and the other team members

are computer scientists and applied mathematicians

and physics and--

it's not people from archeology.

So first of all, we checked the resolution

of our previous 3D data.

This is also a photographic image

of 3D data of Tomb of Khentkawes at Giza.

The number of the point of the data

is 250 million point cloud.

So this what we call [INAUDIBLE] point

cloud, because it is a set of the data of the point

in coordinate system.

In three-dimensional coordinate system,

these point are usually defined by x and y and z coordinate.

So this is an enlarged image of eastern side

of tomb of Khentkawes.

The resolution of the area in the shadow

is 6.0 meter pitch per centimeter,

while it is 3.7 milli for the area in the sun.

So in the Abusir 3D survey project, we attempt to apply--

quantitatively model the strategy

instead of relying only on experience of 3D surveyors

in order to avoid the overscanning.

So we call this strategy the optical scan plan.

So I was asked my team member, when we decided

to carry out Abusir 3D survey--

so they asked me, "So what is your plan?"

And then I explained my plan is, you know,

[Egyptian for blah blah blah].

But my team member said, "No, this is not a strategy.

This is just grit and guts.

You have to think about strategically."

So he explained, and my team member explained,

optical scan plan.

So what is it?

So optical scan plan, however, 3D information of the subject

is needed beforehand, though we are

facing with a kind of dilemma, that a 3D model is required

in order to appropriate the plan of 3D

scanning survey with mathematical programming.

So then, we choose structure from motion technique,

which is a technique to produce a 3D model from 2D image--

I mean, digital photo-- easily.

So we produced large 3D model with this technique.

On the left here is a process flow

for 3D modeling of preliminary survey.

We first take the photo, and the two

collected in the photo collection.

Then we use the structure from motion technique

to produce 3D point cloud data.

And then, using multi-view stereo, we use the mesh model.

After that, we do down sampling.

And then we made in the lab 3D mesh model.

So this is a flowchart for 3D modeling of preliminary survey.

And on the right, this is scan planning

with mathematical programming framework.

So this is our first step.

We visit the site, obviously, to quickly photograph

the pyramids.

We spent only a few hours--

I think two hours or three hours--

to obtain digital image and video footage of the pyramid,

Neferirkare pyramid, using digital camera.

This is my colleague Dr. Yoshimura

and he's an engineer from Kansai University.

And he used his own digital camera to take the photos.

So the data, then, analyzed using [INAUDIBLE]

and multi-view stereo software.

And then we produced 1.69 million point cloud dataset

from 624 digital images for our mathematical optimization

process.

After that, we choose regions of interest--

ROI, what we call it--

in which core masonry still remained.

The red colors in this image indicate

our archaeological region of interest.

And I would say this process is very important.

Indispensable process.

Otherwise, 3D surveyors often scan a subject as thoroughly as

possible, as I said previously.

So next, we downsize obtained in the mesh of the target area

and made simplified model from around 5,000 triangulates

for mathematical optimization process, as shown here.

And here is Dr. Dan, my team member from Kansai University.

He's an applied mathematician who

planned the mathematical optimization

process, optical scan plan.

And here, he's explaining to me the process flow

for 3D modeling of preliminary survey.

So our first priority is to scan entire pyramids

as much as possible, but not overscanning, as I said.

And next, we measured region of interest

with a certain density of point cloud.

In consideration of these conditions,

Dan mathematically obtained appropriate scanning point.

So first, we identified in the camera position of 624 photos

we took.

These camera positions were used as the [INAUDIBLE]

of scanner position.

So then, Dan mathematically solved the optimization

problem.

So eventually, it became clear that we needed only seven scans

to measure all face of Neferirkare pyramid.

The image here is optical layout of seven scanner positions.

So white dot-- this one--

our [INAUDIBLE] scanner of 624 positions.

And the red dot, like here, depict scanner positions.

So we also used visualized effectiveness

of our scanning plan.

So brighter color, here, were receiving the higher number

of scanning laser beam from these seven positions.

So we did the scanning plan, so we finish it.

So then we are ready to go to Egypt.

But we had a problem.

Our scanner looks funny, I know.

Our scanner, so [INAUDIBLE] the photo [INAUDIBLE] laser scanner

was too heavy to be check-in baggage,

as it went over 40 kilogram.

So the baggage allowance on all the airlines to Egypt

does not exceed 30 kilo.

So what we have to do is, we had to purchase a seat for scanner

on board.

So flight attendants ask me to fasten seat belt for scanner.

Then it was too bulky.

And then I needed to get an extra belt

and finally fasten the seatbelt.

So finally, we get it to Egypt.

And then, my team member Dr. [INAUDIBLE]

and his graduate student, [INAUDIBLE]

began to set up the scanner.

In this optical scan plan, we also

emphasize human interaction to give feedback

from the site for flexibility and effectivity,

changing the plan according to needs on site.

This is called Human-in-the-loop in the machine learning,

which is defined as a model that requires human interaction.

But we call this archaeologist-in-the-loop.

So, for example, when we realize that our scanner could not

be put in the position we planned,

or when we thought we should scan

the pyramid from extra positions,

so we homed it to Dan from the site, normally by Twitter.

And then, he'd calculate it and then model it

with optical scan plan.

So this is archaeologist-in-the-loop.

So our first priority was to scan entire pyramid.

But however, from the beginning, optical scan plan

indicated that some area, such as the top of the pyramid,

can be scanned from the ground-set laser scanners.

So if we use a drone, of course, it

would be very easy to obtain the image data for structure

from motion for the production of the 3D data.

But we are unable to use one that time.

So instead of a drone, we used small, 180-degree cameras which

we attached to a fishing rod.

So a fishing rod in the desert, I know, it looks very weird.

But it's actually effective.

It's very effective.

Yeah, you know, my Egyptian colleague said,

"What are you doing with a fishing rod in the desert?"

And of course, they are wondering,

these guys are crazy, or nuts.

But anyway, it was effective for obtaining the image data

for the top of the pyramid.

So this is, finally, we produce 3D model

of Neferirkare's pyramid.

The average height of the pyramid

in its current condition is approximately 41.5 meter.

And then average base length of the pyramid

in its current condition is approximately 92 meter.

So original height is considered to be 72 meter,

and its base is 105 meter.

So it is a bit hard to believe a 30-meter high structure

was weathered and lost.

So I think we probably have to reconsider its original height

and the shape.

And regarding the problem of overscanning,

the number of the point is only 47 million.

This is a very small number in comparison

with tomb of Khentkawes, which is

much smaller than this pyramid.

So Khentkawes' tomb is only 80 meter high,

and its base is about 42 by 44 wide.

But the number of the point cloud is 250 million.

And regarding archaeological region of interest--

so like here.

This is an enlarged image of the south face

of Neferirkare's pyramid, which is

one of our archaeological region of interest.

So this image clearly shows that the structure of the pyramid

is well defined.

So according to the US General Service Administration--

GSA-- Building Information Modeling--

BIM-- Guide Series 03, 3D Laser Scanning,

the general quality level of the scanned 3D point data should be

described based on point of density.

So this table shows a project definition matrix

that can be used to identify how 3D data can be used

to support project objectives.

According to this matrix, the scanned

the data can be in two full levels

based on the density of the point crowd.

And our point crowd is between level two and level three.

So our archaeological aim was successfully

achieved, our project.

So we referred to this General Service Administration Building

Information Modeling to evaluate our archaeological 3D data.

But I think that we should actually

establish Archaeological Information Modeling, AIM,

Guide Series, by ourself.

So this will be our next research subject.

So this is a 3D model of Neferirkare Pyramid which

was created by one of our team members, Mr.

[Ishikawa, CG artist.

We normally produced two types of data.

One is for academic research such as

orthophotographic elevation and the plan, which I showed you.

The other is for public lecture, like this CG.

So we normally say that this is CG image.

And so when the 3D survey of megalithic structures

like pyramids is conducted using terrestrial time-of-flight

laser scanner, it is not easy to capture entire structures

with a monument.

Therefore, in our project, we applied

mathematical optimization approach

for 3D recording of the pyramid in a cost-effective way.

The usefulness of this newly developed plan

become very clear in the archaeological survey.

So we continued.

In 2013, we also started to collaborate with Japanese TV

production company, TV Man Union,

to establish Giza 3D survey to obtain the 3D data of the Giza

Pyramid.

As many of you know, there are numerous hypotheses

on the construction of the Great Pyramid.

But only a few actual surveys have

been conducted, such as Egyptologist Flinders

Petrie in 1880s, and Vito Maragioglio and Celeste

Rinaldi in 1960s, and Gilles Dormion and Patrice Gordon

in 1980s--

but is published in 2004.

So moreover, these archaeological surveys

have only focus on external part of the pyramid

and the inner structures such as the chambers and the corridors

and the passage.

But no observation of the pyramid has been made.

The masonry of the pyramid of this period,

the fourth dynasty of the Old Kingdom,

has not yet been fully studied, because most

of the pyramids in this period are well-preserved.

So you can see the section of the pyramid.

But general opinion first.

So core masonry may consist of a horizontal laid block.

And second-- so pyramids may have a core step.

We know the pyramid is a core step from the queen's pyramid.

And also, third, the core may be built with a [INAUDIBLE] layer.

The importance of the study of the inside of the structure

is that core masonry is closely related to the construction

methods, namely, the type of the ramp Ancient Egyptians

would have employed.

For example, straight ramp is probably

suitable for setting horizontal reversing block.

Or debursting ramp, or zigzag ramp,

can be easy to lay stones that are core step.

Or wide acceleration layer core would

be appropriate for overlap spiral ramp.

So each theory has, of course, disadvantages and advantages.

But certainly, without the study of the core masonry

on these early on paper.

There is a place, however, where we can actually

observe the core masonry of the Great Pyramid.

But if you want to observe this, you

have to climb up the pyramid, because it

is located at northeast corner of the pyramid,

and about 80 meter from the ground.

In 2013 and the 2015, Japanese TV Man Union,

TV production company, had the opportunity

to climb the pyramid.

And I was with them.

And they climbed up the pyramid to obtain

the data of the masonry structure of the pyramid.

So this the video footage our cameraman filmed.

I'm often asked how long it took to climb the Great Pyramid.

It took five and 1/2 hours to climb up and descend.

Because we measured every course of the pyramid

to check the height of the stone,

which had previously been measured only

by Flinders Petrie and George Goyon.

It was quite the experience, because it

is an ancient monument.

We had to climb without pitons and safety rope.

And the slope of the Great Pyramid

is 51 degree, 50 minutes.

But as you can see here--

when you see the slope from the top to down,

yeah, it is almost vertical.

I was really worried about the cameraman

might fall from above, because he actually filmed like that.

And then even he--

before he climbed the pyramid, he confessed to me,

"I'm terrified of heights."

But he also said, "But if I have a camera,

there should be no problem."

Yeah.

In fact, he managed to film without any problems.

So [INAUDIBLE].

So we arrived at our target area, a small half-open space

called notch.

The notch is located over the 104th course of the northeast

corner of the pyramid.

It is often said that stones of the pyramid were perfectly set.

Yeah, I think that some of you have visited in Egypt.

Then tour guides actually mention to you between

the stone, even the knife cannot actually-- the putting it.

But as you can see here, the stone inside pyramid

are not perfectly set and aligned.

The masonry is loose.

And first of all, interestingly, the notch

has a crevice in the west that led

to another open space called the cave, inside the pyramid.

So these places can show core masonry structure.

So here's the cave.

Again, as you can see here, stones

that are inside the pyramid, they

are not perfectly set on the lines, even not oriented.

So these areas are important in study.

Because, as I mentioned, previous archaeological surveys

of the Great Pyramid have only focused

on external part of the monument and in space

such as the chamber, and the passage, and the corridor.

But no observation of the core pyramid has been made.

Therefore, if we can produce 3D data of this area,

this will be the first data produced

of actual state of the core of the Great Pyramid.

But since it was not pure archaeological--

the survey, I didn't bring any survey equipment at that time.

But I really wanted to record this area.

So I asked my team member computer scientist

whether it is possible to produce 3D

data from this video footage.

My colleagues, Dr. [INAUDIBLE] and Dr. [INAUDIBLE]

said it is possible.

And also, TV Man Union kindly allowed

us to use this video footage for academic research.

So 20 minutes video footage was split into 30,000 image frames,

out of which we selected 300 image

shots using several smooth motion of the camera.

And then, we used these for structure from motion technique

to reconstruct 3D model of this study area.

But Dr. Yoshimura kept complaining one thing

when he produced 3D data.

So he said, "You are bothering me.

Because in every frame, I see you.

You are there."

But what can I do?

This is not my intention.

This is just a TV documentary.

But anyway, so finally, we could create 3D data

with this structure.

This is our 3D data of the notch and cave.

This is, of course, not imaginary CG.

It is not.

But it is purely based on archaeological structure

of the Great Pyramid.

As this shows, stone in this area

are much looser and irregular than previously thought.

And as I said, even they are not oriented.

As I mentioned before, general opinion

regarding the core masonry layer, the first core

may consist of horizontal length block.

The second pyramid may have a core step.

Third, core may be built with acceleration layer.

However, orthophotographic section

we produced from 3D data show a different structure

from previous theories.

Our interpretation is that this cavity

would have been used for the chamber method, which

have remarkably accelerate the work in an economical way.

The possibility of the application

of this construction method has already

been suggested by Dr. Miroslav Verner, ex-director of Czech

Institute of Egyptology.

So our 3D data and archaeological interpretation

would support his idea.

So the chamber method was actually well-known technique

throughout Egyptian history.

In the pyramid of Middle Kingdom--

pyramid of Senusret I at Lisht, irregular pattern

of the masonry floor surrounded by [INAUDIBLE] masonry

is already known.

So notch and the cave seems to be

similar to this construction.

So even in the Old Kingdom, we can

see some example of this method, such as the ambulatory

of the Sun Temple of Nyuserre at Abu Ghurob.

So besides the notch and the cave

here, there are other regions of interest

such as upper part of the Khafre's pyramid,

where we can observe the relationship

among casing stone, backing stone, and also core masonry.

And the top of the Great Pyramid also very important,

because where we can observe the inner structure

at the top cross-section view.

So this is a top.

The Great Pyramid was presumably constructed

from 210 limestone courses.

However, due to the loss about casing stone and capping stone,

the top of the pyramid is currently

approximately 12 meter exposure of 200 first courses.

And again, I photograph the top of the pyramid.

I took many photos.

Then, we used these digital photos, and then also

video footage, for 3D reconstruction using structure

from motion and multi-view stereo technique.

But unfortunately, this didn't work well.

The image shown on the screen behind me, as you can see here,

there is a missing part in the 3D data.

For the production of the perfect 3D data of the top,

it is necessary to photograph using a drone

from more distance place and from more angles.

Initially, we are thinking about bringing a drone into Egypt.

But it was difficult, because in Arabic, a drone

is called a spy plane.

So the Egyptian authorities are concerned

about the risk of a drone being used for military purposes.

So it was impossible to bring it into Egypt

from a foreign country at that time.

However, by a series of happy accidents,

we finally carry out drone survey last year.

First of all, I was, as Peter mentioned,

elected as Emerging Explorer of the National Geographic

Society.

This is not my personal achievement,

of course, but achievement of all my team members.

So next, 13th anniversary of the TV program--

Japanese TV program--

World Mystery Discovery, [JAPANESE],,

produced by TBS and the TV Man Union.

So TV Man Union decided to collaborate

with National Geographic Society and support National Geo

Explorer.

So they supported our project again.

And we couldn't bring a drone into Egypt,

but TV MAN UNION found a local drone company

who obtained a special permission from the military

to use a drone in the country.

So beside photographing with drone,

we had to set up and obtain difference point

for global navigation satellite system, GNSS,

which is well known as GPS, Global Positioning System,

but for integration with 3D data.

This is because if 3D data generated from photograph

isn't integrated with survey data, it is just a 3D model,

and its size and orientation are unknown.

So reference point for drone survey

were pasted on the pyramid with duct tape, of course.

They are easy to peel off, and then no damage to the monument

occurred.

So these reference points were then

measured with total station, then integrated with GNSS data.

For each pyramid, we took pictures in detail each place.

So small-scale, you can see here marks in these slides, which

is the east side of the Pyramid of Khafre, the position where

we photographed with a drone.

So for the pyramid of Khufu, we shoot more than 7,000 photos.

For Khafre's pyramid and the Menkaure pyramid,

we shoot more than 4,000 photos.

So this is 3D image created, again, by our team member Mr.

[? Ishikawa, ?] CG artist.

And again, this is not imaginary CG,

but it is based on 3D model integrated with GNSS data.

So each stone and each--

the stone will present the original shape and the size.

And then this is our previous notch

and the cave data we also integrated

within the drone data.

So this is remarkable result.

But how we can use this data for archaeological purpose?

Previously, only the sketch by Vito Maragioglio and Celeste

Rinaldi, Italian architect, exist of the top.

So I should emphasize that this is

the only place we can observe the top cross-sectional view

of the inner structure of the Great Pyramid.

But as you can see here, it is very difficult

to understand the structure from this sketch.

So we used digital photos taken by drone for 3D reconstruction.

So this is our first detailed plan

of the top of the Great Pyramid from our 3D data.

This plan is not just point cloud image,

but shows [? duration ?] structures.

This plan is produced by [? Pict, ?]

which is our newly developed image processing technology.

So [? Pict ?] can also show color distance.

The color of the point expresses quantified

the distance between the point and an arbitrary plane.

So warmer color, like this brown and the yellow,

means shorter distance from the reader's viewpoint.

And the cooler color, like in the blue and green,

means longer distance.

From this [? Pict ?] image, we made in line drawing

and then numbered every stone blocks.

We counted in the 104 blocks from one to 86

on 200 first course, and from 87 to 104 on 200 second course.

So by dimension of the area is approximately 11.7 meter.

And the 11.9 meter, this is the present state

of the top of the Great Pyramid.

So our next question is to find out

how large this area originally was

for understanding relationship among the casing stone

and backing stone and core masonry.

So from the [? Pict-- ?] sorry, this one--

we use, actually, the similarity in geometry.

So I'm archaeologist.

I have no idea how to get these geometry things.

But as I said, I've been working with a computer scientist.

And then I gave kind of a quiz to them.

So then they just answered within 15 minutes

by Skype and email.

So this is their answer.

So we know original height of the pyramid, which is 146.58.

And we also knew original lengths

of the base, which were recently being

measured by Glen Dash from Ancient Egypt Research

Associate.

And it is 230.392 meter on average.

So this is a mathematical formula.

And the answer is 13.64.

So this white area is the original dimension of the top.

We also calculated the total weight

of existing stone and original blocks.

The total weight of the existing blocks

is about 188 tons and if density of the limestone is 2.6.

And the total weight of the original blocks

was about 273 tons.

In other words, the [INAUDIBLE] rate was 68.95%.

And about 31% of the blocks are missing.

But I should emphasize that there's

uncertainty in this value.

So next, in order to understand the structure of the top,

we made a cross section of every line of the blocks.

There are cross section landing east-west, like that.

And then most of the section clearly shows

that the top of the pyramid is not leveled.

But there are two areas that are very level,

which are north end and south ends of the top.

And I carried out the same procedure

of the north-south cross section again.

And most of the section showed in the top of the pyramid

is bumpy.

But there's one area is very leveled,

which are east end and west end.

And east end is--

it's also leveled.

But due to the blocks of the 202nd course

on the top of this area, you can actually not

observe the complete cross-section in this area.

So these area are backing stone.

So backing stone are generally considered

to be frame that support casing stone.

So another interesting point is that the center

of the 201st course is recessed.

And conversely, the large stones were put in

like here, the center of the 202nd course,

to create convex surface.

So this is enhanced the image.

But similar structure.

Yet one that is more sophisticated

can be seen at the top of the pyramid of the Khafre.

You might remember the first video footage I showed you.

So this structure is applied to improve,

I think, in the stability, which is probably not

only for the top of the pyramid, but also

the main body of the pyramid.

And as I said the beginning of this lecture,

there are many hypotheses concerning the construction

of the pyramids.

However, only a few actual surveys have been conducted.

And also, previous study of the construction pyramids

tend to talk about the whole construction at once.

But we would like to demonstrate construction technique

of particular area such as the top of the pyramid,

because it is a 3D--

the data, we can actually separate each course

and then analyze quantitatively, the course by course.

And in the near future, we would also

like to publish this data to promote further research

on the pyramids.

So before I finish my lecture, I would

like to give a special thanks to Ministry

of the State of Antiquities and the Supreme

Council of Antiquities, and especially

my Egyptian colleagues for their cooperation.

So thank you very much.

For more infomation >> Analyzing Egyptian Pyramids in the Digital Age - Duration: 55:51.

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De'Longhi 1500Watt Digital Ceramic Tower Heater - Duration: 11:16.

For more infomation >> De'Longhi 1500Watt Digital Ceramic Tower Heater - Duration: 11:16.

-------------------------------------------

WHAT'S INSIDE MY iPHONE CAMERA | How small are the digital sensors in iphones | CTW - Duration: 3:41.

O-my gosh!

Two weeks ago, I smashed my phone and one question

I've always had is how small are the digital sensors inside our phone cameras and

Since this one is completely destroyed. I

Thought we would find out today. So right off the bat. I'm just noticing this whole camera assembly is just miniscule

Wow, okay. I am trying to get at the lens right now and

It is

Proving kind of difficult to get in here. Oh

There it popped off something

this little thing right here is

the whole camera that is the lens and

Sensor, of course, not the processing unit

Wow, that is just absolutely minuscule. There's a pretty heavy duty

Warrior, okay. Yeah broke that off

Already this is gonna be a pain to

Mess around with that lens. I

Mean, this is on the selfie camera. So

that lens is

Absolutely tiny before I even

Try to get this selfie camera

Taken apart. I'm gonna go and try to get out the normal camera on the phone to see what that looks like, right?

Now I'm seeing seeing that I can see the flash assembly ooh

So there we go. I just got another sheet of something off there

selfie camera

front camera and of course, it's gonna very on what which phone you have but

Look at the size difference that is tiny. That is a lot bigger

So let's take a look at this. We have lens here then below here is the digital sensor

And that is what's gonna snap your photos right there. Um, let me get something for a reference sighs

No wonder the low-light capabilities on these things suck. So let's move on to

The even smaller camera itself Apple to make their phones tough their screens tougher

But their cameras a little less tough because I want to break in. Oh my gosh

No way

No way

Look at the sensor size difference I

Mean front camera now that I remesh it. Yeah that's looking like but two and a half milliliters the

selfie camera is

Oh

My goodness

It's like

one and a half

two

Millimeters one and a half. This is absolutely tiny regular front camera on the phone

there

selfie camera sensors there

and it's just

Mind-boggling how tiny that is. Okay, so

That has been taking a look at phone's image sensors. There's anything else you want to see?

inside

this spawn give the video like if we hit 5 likes I will do another video about

something else inside and iPhone

So comment down below your suggestions for that next video and subscribe to the channel and I will see you next time

For more infomation >> WHAT'S INSIDE MY iPHONE CAMERA | How small are the digital sensors in iphones | CTW - Duration: 3:41.

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How to Get a Job in Marketing (Without a Resume): 3 Digital Marketers Share Their Stories - Duration: 33:17.

What's up guys? It's Sam Oh here, and today

we're joined by about half of the Ahrefs Marketing crew.

First time that Josh and I have met, as well as Tim.

So we've never met each other.

But we're here in Singapore, and we're just talking about kind of

how we joined Ahrefs and just kind of our journey along the way,

and I guess how we all got to meet today

and for that reason.

So today we're just here to discuss kind of our own stories,

share our marketing journeys and hopefully to

help you guys out with, I guess, finding your dream job or

no, that's not right, I guess.

[laughing]

So yeah... So, basically...

You mean it's not your dream job?

[laughing]

It's not my dream job.

Basically just helping you guys to progress in your careers

and, yeah, just if you guys can take anything actionable away from

our stories and the things that we share today, awesome.

If not, enjoy the show!

[upbeat music]

Yeah, so why don't we get started with Tim?

How did you start with Ahrefs?

Okay so, this is the question I get asked quite often,

basically, when I meet any new people,

eventually everything will come to that question

like how did you end up with Ahrefs, like what's your story?

Especially since I am from Ukraine,

and now I'm working for a company that like does global stuff,

so how did it all go?

I actually, I've been to SEO and digital marketing

for I think nine years right now,

and it all started from some junior SEO role.

When I was trying to learn SEO myself,

reading different blogs, watching videos,

and trying out like my small new websites,

for like Amazon Affiliates, for just banner advertising

back when you could make money with banner advertising

and all that stuff, and fast forward a few years,

when I had enough experience, and enough like money in my account

to create something on my own,

I started my personal blog,

and I started some projects on my own, and I even launched

a tool that was supposed to be kind of BuzzSumo competitor,

but at that time I didn't know even that BuzzSumo exists,

because it was like I think four or five years ago,

so I've never heard of BuzzSumo, but I wanted to create a tool

where you would plug someone's blog, and it would show you

the most popular articles on that blog.

Because like back then no one was doing it but everyone wanted

to know like what gets popular on social media,

what gets more tweets, likes,

it was shortly after Facebook and Twitter introduced their

Tweet and Like buttons that all the websites implemented.

So it was like a thing.

And as I was releasing these kinds of projects

and working on my personal blog, I was doing outreach.

So classic outreach to get links,

classic outreach to get guest articles,

to get mentions, and all that stuff.

And in the process of outreach I reached out to

Ahrefs blog. Back then it was handled by Helen,

she works in support. She was doing these roundups of links,

like, "Here's what like weekly stuff that was happening in the SEO

and the marketing space."

And she was listing some interesting articles.

So I reached out to her and I knew that Ahrefs

is company that comes from Ukraine,

that the founder is Ukrainian,

because I've read a few of his interviews online.

So I basically wrote kind of cheesy email saying that like

I'm a fellow Ukrainian and we should help each other,

like some bonding and all that stuff.

I don't remember what exactly I wanted,

if I showed them my article or if I showed them my tool,

or whatever it was,

but I think I got featured in this kind of roundup

and shortly after this I got an email from

Ahrefs founder and CEO Dmitry,

who said that he researched me a little bit,

he likes my work and he invited me

to kind of write a few articles for Ahrefs

and see if we can work together.

So, this is how it all started, like so it's not me who suggested

to work for Ahrefs, it's Dmitry who actually researched

my work. He actually saw that I had published articles

on Moz blog and that article had won some awards,

so I think this impressed him and he kind of wanted

to try working with me, and actually quite fast,

I think within two weeks, maybe three weeks max,

as I started digging into Ahrefs tools,

I saw a lot of things that I didn't think were quite right.

So I wanted to improve them

and I messaged Dmitry all the time,

like I don't think like your homepage copy is great.

I don't think that what you're publishing

on your blog is great.

I don't think that you're like explaining the metrics

in the interface well, and all that stuff.

Or like suggesting some kind of features,

like it would be fun to have this kind of filter here,

it would be fun to have this kind of report.

And so basically within like two or three weeks,

like I started working more and more with Ahrefs

and not only kind of writing some articles for them but also

contributing to the actual product development

and creating the website, website copy,

working on pricing page and all that little stuff.

And Dmitry, shortly after, offered me to come to Singapore

and to be in charge of marketing.

"Be in charge of marketing", I would say, quote unquote

because I was the only marketing person

when I came to Singapore.

Shortly before I came to Singapore, the woman that was

working in Ahrefs marketing, she left for another company,

so basically there was no one for me to work with

and I was the only person.

So this is how it all started for me.

I started working myself on pretty much everything,

like on homepage copy, on YouTube channel, on blog, on hints,

reports, feature requests, design,

like I was doing everything like myself.

And then, with time,

I got to like hiring people who would help me,

who are better than myself at something,

and this is how these two guys ended up here.

So I think between you two, Josh was the next hire.

Yes. Yeah.

So, Josh, do you want to tell the story from your end,

because I've seen how it happened from my end.

Yeah, so I think it was like a couple of years ago now,

I was working on like a big link building strategies

that's kind of post, that hopefully

some of you might have seen at some point,

and, yeah, I spent like five months creating that

and then published it on my own blog.

Five months.

Yeah, like on and off for five months.

It was like 60,000 words.

Yeah it was huge.

Too much really, but then I think you reached out to me, Tim,

in like 2016, like mid-2016, like September or something,

yeah 2016, and you said, you know,

do I wanna write a post for the Ahrefs blog

and I kind of did and it just all kind of went on from there.

So I was like freelancing until earlier this year,

freelancing, just doing writing for the blog

and then kind of officially got hired earlier this year.

So now... I'm now head of content which basically just means that

I'm doing more of the same thing.

But yeah.

Yeah, so.

I think the interesting bit that you're overlooking is

that I actually asked you,

like what's your motivation to publish such a huge article?

How do you say, how long it was?

60k words?

Yeah, 60,000 words.

Yeah, so it was a huge article there was a lot of content,

there was like a ton of work invested there, and it was

published at basically a blog that was just launched.

Yeah.

There was nothing there but this article

and I wrote an email to Josh and like said,

like what's your motivation in doing this kind of work?

Do you think that you can get like better ROI if you write for us?

Do you want like to build kind of your credibility in the niche?

Do you want to kind of end up creating some kind of paid courses?

Or like do you want to scale your agency?

Like whatever you do, I see that you are like willing to invest

a lot of work, so I'm sure that we can figure out

between you and Ahrefs a way where like each of us will benefit.

Yeah.

And so I think this was persuasive enough

for Josh to join.

Yeah.

Yeah, so basically I just like to do good work,

that's all that really drives me to do anything really,

I just want to make something that's good

and then that, you know, people actually want to read and benefit from

and you kind of just give me the ability to do that,

you just give me the freedom to do that

and like the resources to do that.

So there's nothing that could be better really,

from my point of view, because that's why I enjoy

just creating something and just putting something out there

for people to read and learn from.

Yeah, and actually I think one other interesting thing

that I want to share right now is that usually

when you read some kind of hiring advice,

the most common advice that they give you is

that you should hire people better than you.

But it's like super hard,

like if you're quite knowledgeable in what you do,

it's super hard to find people who are better than you.

But in case of Josh, it was like the actual case

when I realized that this guy can produce

content like way better than I am.

And one other thing is that Josh has like some experience

with stuff that I don't know anything about,

like scrapping, Google Sheets, working with different tools.

So I don't have a lot of experience with that,

I'm more like a generalist, so I know kind of the basics of

here and there and I can connect the dots

but if you dig a little bit deeper,

my knowledge is not so good.

So this is why I was like super happy to find Josh,

and I really, before Josh, I was struggling to find someone

for Ahrefs blog, who would have like more experience than me

in SEO and except for that would be able to

kind of write it in an article, in a good article.

Because a lot of people have better experience than me

in SEO, like it's not that hard to be better than myself at SEO,

especially technical SEO,

but like combine that with ability to explain yourself

and to write like great article, that's rare.

So, like I kind of took the proactive approach,

I didn't just post a few ads on different sites,

that we're looking for like Head of Content,

we're looking for Blog Editor,

who would take our blog to next level, blah blah blah.

Actually I did post this kind of things.

Yeah, I think I saw a posting like that.

Yeah, I did post these kinds of ads,

but like it wasn't working, I saw that everyone who applied

wasn't really what I was looking for, so when I saw Josh

published this like huge, monstrous article I kind of knew

that I should like hire this guy immediately and I was lucky that

he only published one article on his blog.

He didn't invest like enough time, and money, and resources

into his blog to be willing to abandon it afterwards.

So I think some luck was also involved there.

Yeah, I think that's some pretty good advice that

you mentioned: "Someone who's better than you."

And so Josh didn't come up to you and say,

like I'm better than you at SEO so, you know, you should hire me.

Yeah.

But he just kind of proved himself through it.

And I think for startups, for small mid-size companies

that's often what they're looking for,

is someone who's self-sufficient and you know,

can direct it with minimal supervision I guess,

minimal training, and I think that's really good,

is that you were able to go out

and create a 60,000-word post.

Yeah.

I can't even call it a post, like that probably took like,

your page speed was probably like 25 seconds

just to load that text but you know,

is to be able to go out there, be proactive,

just to do it, to show that, you know, you're more than

knowledgeable enough, what's the word that I'm looking for...

Self-sufficient?

I don't know if it's the right word but I think you guys...

No problem, English is your first language,

it's OK for you to not to know all this.

It's okay, I'm trying, I'm just trying. [laughing]

Yeah, but anyway. So for me...

For you.

Very, very different story, so...

Ok, tell them that I don't know it, because you told us.

Tim doesn't know it.

Three times, that I don't know how

I don't think I know the full story.

Yeah, so like I told Tim, I kept telling Tim, you don't know it,

and so I kind of wanted him to say,

you wanna give me a heads up before,

so this is the first time that Tim's hearing this.

Okay, so basically I come from a background,

originally I started online marketing end of 2008,

and so I started to build my own company,

sold it off, the typical story that you hear from

the younger generation now of internet marketers.

And so I experimented quite a bit,

And I was trying to figure out, what is it that I enjoy doing.

It is SEO, CRO, lead gen, because when I started

my first business I knew absolutely nothing,

I kind of had to learn everything on my own.

And so I eventually settled on lead generation,

particularly in CRO and so,

I started doing my own little projects and stuff,

eventually got a lucky break with a company that would

send me leads and so I would just do agency type work.

And then from there, I just started doing lead gen.

I started my own personal blog,

and then I was like, I have a really cool idea,

and so like I tend to come up with like ideas, that I think

are pretty creative, I don't know if these guys think so

but I think that they're pretty creative,

and so I was like, you know what,

if I wanted to get a new client for agency work,

what if I look at the intention.

So the intention is, if you look at a job post,

you already know that they're trying to hire someone.

So, if I do that and the intent is already there,

then it must be easier to close.

Does that make sense?

Okay.

And so, I was looking through like some of my blogs,

and the blogs that I like, and the websites,

and I was already an Ahrefs customer for a few years

and I saw a position for a Funnel Hacker.

And so I was like, interesting, funnels,

I can do funnels, that's easy,

I'm probably, you know, better than the average person, you know,

who does like one drip sequence

and that's considered a funnel, which it's not.

But then I was like, cool, so I emailed Tim

and I basically just said hey,

I answered all his questions, hey here's my funnel,

sent him a video,

I don't know if other people sent you videos,

or if you even had other applications.

No, I don't think I had too many applications,

just a few and I don't even remember if they sent me

any videos at all.

Yeah, so I sent him a video, kind of just walking him

through it, and we were just sending emails back and forth

and so like, my whole intention this time was,

Ahrefs would be a great client to have, right?

And Tim's, I'm guessing your intent was,

we're looking for someone to hire like an employee.

Yeah.

And so we had different things

and so I was like you know what, it doesn't matter,

it's more or less the same thing.

It's just a matter of the way that you look at it.

And so we ended up talking and we talked

for about four months.

I think maybe more, it was a lot of back and forth.

It was four months and then you said,

we don't want that right now

and I was like, no problem, that's cool.

And so, you're like but we may open that position up

a few months later, so I was like, sounds good.

So Tim didn't follow up, and so of course,

being in lead gen, I was like, I set a reminder for myself.

And so as soon as that time came up,

I'm not gonna email him on the exact day, but it's like,

I saw a notification that Tim had opened my email.

There's notifications like that and when that happens,

it triggers, it sends me an email so I was like,

oh yeah, I'm supposed to email him.

So I was like, hey Tim, I was just thinking about whatever

and then, you know, wondering if there's been any progress on that

and then he's like, I don't think we're gonna do that now

but we need somebody to create video content.

And I was like, alright, I've done a few videos,

and we were talking and I think in total

it was eight or nine months before we were like,

alright let's do this.

Yeah, it was like the slowest hiring process ever.

And so, it's just and then from there, like for the first few months

we didn't really know what we were doing.

So we experimented with a few things and then,

now the videos that you guys get every week,

is the product of a year's worth of work.

(laughing)

And so, yeah, that's kind of the making of how I joined Ahrefs

and yeah, it's been kind of interesting.

Yeah, I think from my end, there is a takeaway that,

like when I opened position for Funnel Hacker,

to be honest it wasn't like some deep thinking behind it,

so I just knew, like I said, I'm not an expert like in any

particular thing, I know a little bit of here and there,

but when I want to start working on something,

I want to actually dig a little bit into it

to understand like what we're doing

and to have the responsibility for doing it.

So, when I posted the ad for Funnel Hacker,

kind of my intention was to speak to people and to see if

anyone will be able to persuade me that he will help us.

So, when Sam reached out and we started talking

and we started discussing funnels,

actually in the process of talking to Sam I was able to

understand that I don't believe in funnels for Ahrefs,

at least at the time of like what was happening

to the company at that moment.

To be honest, I still don't believe

in funnels for Ahrefs at this time

I'm working on it.

Yeah, Sam is working on it, but yeah,

like our conversations as we were going back and forth,

Sam was pretty open like with devoting a little bit of his time

to come up with ideas, to record me some screencasts,

to walk me through what kind of ideas he has,

because like I know that a lot of people are super afraid

to share their ideas up front.

Like, if I am going to share my ideas with this company,

they will just steal my ideas and don't hire me.

Like it almost never happens because when you want to

get hired to some company, they want to hire you

because they don't have the bandwidth to do it themselves.

It's not always that they're lacking ideas,

they are lacking good people to like act,

to perform on these ideas.

So Sam was pretty open, discussing like anything he could do

for us, so I asked him like, what do you think like,

how the funnel would look like?

So he would break down the funnel for me,

I would ask him like some other questions like,

do you think this part of the funnel makes sense?

What if these people will appear in the funnel?

How would you automate it?

Do you understand the resources that we have?

Do you understand like if we will need designer for that?

If we will need to record videos for that?

If we will need to support it somehow with blog content?

So we were discussing all these bits and in the process

of discussion I was realizing that like funnels it's not something

we want to like invest our marketing resources into

but what I did realize is that Sam was pretty familiar

with Ahrefs, that Sam was pretty good presenter, that Sam like,

I think another advice that I've heard from like hiring articles

or hiring books is that you should hire a person

who can write great emails.

So if you send the person an email with some questions

and you get a reply and reply is structured,

and they're addressing like every single question that you had

for them, and they're not leaving out anything,

and they're not adding any irrelevant stuff

that will just waste your time,

just by communication with that person you can see like

how good they are.

If they're like, if they will execute well,

if they will listen to you, if they will, kind of, comply

and agree with you on everything,

or if they have their own opinions.

So a lot can be understood just by communicating

with the person via email.

So what I understood is that Sam is like very organized,

that he is a good presenter,

he recorded quite a few samples of videos for me.

So when I realized that we don't really need funnels

in the definition of like what funnels mean in marketing

but we still need educational materials,

we still need to educate people

not just with text content but with video content as well.

And then Sam popped out again

and suggested to continue the conversation about how

he could contribute and how he could give value to Ahrefs.

We kind of, the second time we agreed like much more easily

than when we were talking about funnels specifically.

So because the second time Sam was willing to simply

explore like how his expertise, how his abilities would be

helpful to Ahrefs. And we found the position

quite easily compared to like Funnel Hacker position.

Okay, do you want to add any extra

like takeaways?

Any extra takeaways to that.

Persistence I guess is one thing.

Beats resistance.

Yeah, yeah absolutely.

But I think that, it's not that I was desperate to get a

job or anything like that. It was just like,

oh I remember this, I like Ahrefs,

I really loved the tool before, you know,

I had ever spoken with you.

Actually, do you remember the very first email that I sent you?

Not really.

Okay, so the very first email that I sent to Tim,

and I think that this is a good lesson for outreach,

is that people often approach outreach

with a motivation to receive something, right?

Yeah.

So, like give me a link, give me a share, whatever it may be.

And so I went through this process where it's like,

nobody knows me in the internet marketing space,

all my stuff is with small/medium size businesses,

and so if I want to start to connect with people,

I have to start speaking to them like a human being.

And so I sent Tim an email and I just said,

hey I really respect the work that you do at Ahrefs,

like I love the tool, love the blog,

love the content that you're producing, that's it.

And when I did that, he wrote back to me,

what he doesn't remember, but he said something like,

hey, like thanks so much, you made my day.

Maybe he says that to everyone but...

[laughing]

No I actually, I cannot say that I get a lot of praise

like every day I open my email box and I'm like,

oh not again, they're praising me for my work.

It doesn't happen too often so, when I reply to someone

and say, thank you, you've made my day,

it's pretty genuine.

Yeah, and that's the thing though, it's like, when he responds back

I don't reply, by the way you have a broken link,

do you want to replace it with mine?

So it's not like a, there's no

motivation to get something back, it's just an introduction.

And so whether he recognized my name or not,

when the Funnel Hacker position went in,

maybe he did subconsciously, maybe he doesn't

remember now because it was well over a year ago.

I need to pull conversation history.

Yeah.

And so, I feel like small things like that help with

just in general just networking and meeting people.

And people often see "email scripts"

and I hate those two words together.

It's just an email right?

And I find that people often forget about that.

And I know this is kind of going off on a tangent,

but I think that it is related in the sense

that we were just communicating through email.

And often, an introduction email to someone can help

recognize a name or face, or whatever it may be.

I thought that it actually helped when I approached you,

originally, maybe not.

[laughing]

Okay, so I think we can wrap it up, probably with some

general lessons out of our conversation.

And actually like, while we were talking and discussing this,

and since you shared your approach that you were basically

trying to get leads for your agency,

I thought that actually the same stuff pretty much

applies for getting leads to your agency.

It doesn't always depend on you because

some companies, they are open to outsourcing their work

to agencies, other companies prefer

to have it in-house no matter what.

And it also, I think, it also partially depends

on the type of service that you're offering.

Because in terms of educational materials,

we definitely wanted to have it in house.

However, there's a guy called Bryan Harris, from Videofruit,

and his story is that he basically started offering

explanatory videos to Kissmetrics, I believe.

Yeah.

So he was able to persuade this kind of company to do

videos for them while being, call it an agency,

or outsourced, or contractor,

or whatever you like to call it.

So let's wrap it up with some lessons.

Whether you want to get companies as leads, as your clients

or whether you want to establish like long-form relationship,

be it like an in-house or you guys are actually

outsourced, you work from the comfort of your homes.

I work from the comfort of our office,

I think it's quite comfortable.

So like you see we have different situations,

and depending like on your goals, I think you might learn

some lessons from our conversation

and from three of our stories.

But maybe Sam can wrap up some lessons.

Yeah, so I think in terms of lead generation

for SEO agencies, it doesn't really matter what you do.

A lot of it is in, I want to use the word persuasion,

but it's not in a sleazy kind of way.

It's kind of like the way that you persuaded Josh,

you asked him a question to make him think,

like what is my motivation, and maybe, I don't know what your

thoughts were but maybe you're like, maybe writing for Ahrefs

I have a platform that has an existing audience

where I don't have to, you know, hustle as hard.

Well, I think it was more that just I knew that they had kind of the

resource available to kind of just allow me to do great work.

Yeah.

And that's just what I want to do, like I said before,

that's why I spent so many months just writing

a crazy-long article because I just wanted

to put something great out there.

I suppose when I was doing that I was just thinking like, you know,

I just want to do something that people notice,

people care about, so...

I'd say, okay, let me try to recap.

First, is to reach out, so the more people to reach out to,

the more companies you reach out to,

the higher the chance that someone will reply.

Because it's not always, it doesn't always depend on you,

it also depends on the company.

They might be, they might not be in the

stage where they're willing to hire someone.

Like you might be emailing them at the wrong time.

So first, just send more outreach emails.

Second, don't be afraid to share you ideas,

because like sharing your ideas like,

don't worry no one will steal them

because it's execution that matters,

it's not your ideas that matter,

so feel free to like write them your best ideas on what you can

do like with their company, what kind of value you can contribute.

Because unless you do, how would they know like

if you'll be helpful to them or not?

Third, actually spend some of your time to do some work

for them, not just offer your ideas,

but do some work for them.

In case of Sam, like we just discussed, we talked for like almost

a year back and forth, so he wasted a lot of time just

talking to me. And actually it was mutually beneficial

because I was learning something from Sam,

Sam was learning something from me.

So it's not like a zero-sum game that

you're just offering your expertise, your advice,

and you're getting nothing in return.

Of course, you will get something in return,

in any case, or at least you can just agree on some

small paid gig, like without a super high commitment.

One, two, three.

Do some work and like that's it from me, three.

What's your biggest takeaway from

your experience with Dmitry, I guess?

Hmm...

Cut this part, make it seem that like

I answered almost instantly.

[laughing]

Don't move, go back to that position.

No, we should actually leave it.

Well, I don't even know if there's any main takeaway

I just enjoyed like building something from scratch.

I enjoyed coming to the company relatively early

and I enjoyed kind of the freedom that I had with Dmitry,

to do stuff that I want, to hire people that I like,

so, yeah, probably, I guess a lot of people are dreaming of like their own

business and like they hate nine to five job,

I have a nine to five job, I don't hate it at all.

I get to do like what I like doing, I get like much more benefits

compared to if I was launching my own products.

I think like Ahrefs was kind of like a trampoline for me,

because if I tried to do these kinds of things on my own,

it would take me like much, much more time.

So don't shy away from "jobs," they can be awesome, actually.

And they can kick start like whatever you want to do next,

because like it's not that everyone will stay at their job

for like their whole life, which is not bad as well,

if you feel that you're progressing at your work

and like something interesting is happening

and it fulfills you, so it's not a problem.

So yeah, I think the main takeaway for me is that

nine to five job can be awesome, you can have flexibility,

you can have a lot of perks, you can have freedom,

like, so that's my takeaway.

Josh?

I guess my takeaway would just be to actually do

something just without someone telling me to do something.

Just create something or do something that you want to do,

that's likely to lead to the kind of job or result or offer

that you want to actually get in your life.

Just put something out there,

put in the work without being told to basically.

Yeah.

For me, I would say that it's

persistence without being annoying, right?

It's... There are people who... Have you, guys, been in those

email sequences... not email sequences, but like... I guess, they are

sequences from one person doing outreach,

but they don't stop sending you follow-up emails.

Yeah, 12 follow up emails, oh no.

It's like, oh man, and even though it goes to spam,

sometimes it comes back, I don't know, anyway,

the idea is basically like, so number one for SEO agencies,

like one thing would be to understand intent

and I guess that happens with SEO anyways

that you're always looking at search intent,

but to understand intent on the lead level. I think.

It actually helps in whatever it comes out to be.

In this case, for me like, this is employment for me,

and it's the first time I've been

employed I think in my entire life.

The same for me.

Yeah.

And so it's a strange feeling, but yeah that would be

probably my main takeaway,

is persistence without being annoying.

I know it sounds like a weird takeaway but yeah,

I feel like there is value in that.

OK, and I think that can wrap up this conversation.

Maybe we should all say that it was like super random,

so if we shared a lot of unnecessary details,

that bored someone, sorry.

Unless we'll cut them out like in the process.

But, yeah, if you liked what you just heard, tell us,

probably we'll find a chance to record more of this stuff,

or maybe answer any other questions that you may have.

So yeah, give us some feedback

if we should continue this kind of content.

That's all, let's wave bye-bye.

[laughing]

For more infomation >> How to Get a Job in Marketing (Without a Resume): 3 Digital Marketers Share Their Stories - Duration: 33:17.

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🎃 Happy Halloween 👻 | Conservative Digital Short - Duration: 0:56.

and when she got to the cemetery... her scarf was draped over the tombstone but

she had been dead for ten years!

that's not scary

uh, yeah it is.

no it's not. give me the flashlight, i'll tell you a real scary story

it's 2019 and justin trudeau just won another liberal majority government

*Thunder Crack*

whoa, that was pretty scary

Yeah...

*uses inhaler*

Really scary.

I'm not even finished yet.

Give me the flashlight

I want to tell a story about Trudeau and the trans mountain pipeline

*Thunder Crack*

*bickering*

Happy Halloween! from your friends at the Conservative Party!

For more infomation >> 🎃 Happy Halloween 👻 | Conservative Digital Short - Duration: 0:56.

-------------------------------------------

Where are the opportunities in neuromorphic hardware? Digital biomarkers - Duration: 0:47.

Today's breakthroughs in pattern recognition & signal processing

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This is the output of our neuromorphic processor as it monitors the heart.

It detects dangerous patterns in the ECG.

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