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[Slide 1 L1.2] Welcome back to Unit 1.

We learned a little bit about transistors

in the previous lecture.

But to really appreciate what transistors are for

and what I-V characteristics we are looking for

in a transistor, we need to understand something about

the circuits that they're used in.

This lecture is about digital circuits.

The next lecture is about analog circuits.

So it's going to be a very quick look at some of the

key considerations in digital circuits.

[Slide 2] So in a digital circuit, we're going to think about

the transistor as a switch.

It's either opened or closed

and that'll represent a 1 or a 0.

[Slide 3] Recall from the last lecture that there are two flavors

of transistors in CMOS, complementary technology.

There's an n-channel device

where the electrons carry the current.

And for the n-channel device,

the transistor switch is closed.

Current flows when the voltage we apply

between the gate and the source is more positive

than a critical voltage called a threshold voltage.

[Slide 4] The complementary device is a p-channel MOSFET.

We indicate it here with an open circle on the gate,

so that we can keep them straight.

In a p-channel MOSFET, the current is carried by holes,

positive charge carriers.

In order to close the switch and allow current to flow,

we need to apply a voltage between the gate and the source

that is more negative than the threshold voltage.

And the threshold voltage will be a negative number.

[Slide 5] So we have both flavors of transistors

and we use both of those transistors

in the basic building block for a CMOS digital circuits.

And the basic circuit is what we call a CMOS inverter.

It has an n-channel transistor on the bottom

and it has a p-channel transistor on the top.

The n-channel transistor is connected,

so that its source is grounded.

The gates of both transistors are connected together.

And the drain of the n-channel transistor is

connected to the output.

Now, the p-channel transistor is actually upside down.

In the p-channel transistor,

the drain is connected to the output.

The gate is connected with the other gate

together in the input.

And the source is connected to the most positive

power supply voltage in the circuit.

So this is our basic circuit that we're using

in digital electronics.

There's an input to the gates.

There's an output voltage taken from the two drains.

[Slide 6] Now, to understand how this circuit operates,

we just think of the transistors as switches.

They're either open or closed.

So let's think about applying a large positive voltage,

more positive than the threshold voltage of the n-channel.

That large voltage is going to represent the digital 1.

That voltage will be enough to turn on the NMOS transistor

and connect this switch to ground.

But it will not be enough.

The large voltage here, 1, and the large voltage

on the source means there's no voltage difference

between the gate and the source of the PMOS.

That switch is open.

The output is connected to ground,

so the output voltage is low.

And input 1 has been converted to an output 0.

The device functions as an inverter.

It inverted a 1 to a 0.

Now, I'll point out that in an ideal transistor,

there would be zero current flow.

But in real transistors, there'll be some leakage current.

Even though one of the switches is open,

there's a little bit of leakage current that can flow

and that leakage current is becoming important these days,

has become very important.

[Slide 7] Now we can also look at applying a low voltage to the input.

That would be a logic 0.

The low voltage wouldn't be enough

to turn on the NMOS device, so that switch is open.

But if I look at the low voltage on the gate

and the high voltage on the source of the PMOS,

that's a very large negative voltage

between the gate and the source of the PMOS.

That turns on the PMOS, that connects the output

to the large positive power supply voltage

and we have an output 1.

So again, the circuit inverts

and input 0

to a output 1.

So that's the basic function of the CMOS inverter.

The beauty of this device is that in principle,

no current flows,

only during transients while we're switching from 1 to 0.

In practice, there'll be a little bit of leakage current

that will flow because one of the two transistors

is always open-circuited.

[Slide 8] So we can build logic gates in the CMOS circuits

from this basic CMOS inverter concept.

You may recall one of things you learned

when you take a first course in boolean logic is an AND.

The AND function, both of the inputs need to be 1

for in order for the output to be 1.

Turns out it's easier because we're thinking about

building circuits with inverters to implement a not AND

or a NAND gate.

So a NAND gate would have a

1 on the input, only when both--

or a 0 on the zero, only when both inputs are 1.

To understand how this device functions,

simply pick one of the cases.

Here we have a 1 on input A, a 0 on input B,

and we'll have a 1 on the output.

Just trace through this circuit,

convince yourself that there is only one and only one path

to a switch that is closed

to either the positive power supply or the ground,

and we'll get either a 1 or a 0

in each of the cases out of that.

So convince yourself that this truth table is true.

This is a basic digital gate built out of CMOS inverters.

[Slide 9] Now, if we back to the basic CMOS inverter,

we can ask what is its transfer characteristic.

The transfer characteristic is the output voltage

as we sweep the input voltage.

In the ideal CMOS inverter where we're just opening

and closing switches, the output voltage would be high

until the input voltage is big enough to flip

the n-channel switch and connect the output

to ground or 0 voltage.

So we'd have a transistor characteristic that would look,

or an inverter characteristic that would look like this.

In practice, the real devices will show some hopefully

sharp transition between high voltage and low voltage.

And we hope that we have I-V characteristic,

or a transfer characteristic that looks something like this.

Now, one of the very important features of this circuit

is that there's a significant range of voltages

here at the low end.

Doesn't matter precisely what the small input voltage is.

Doesn't have to be exactly 0.

As long as it's small enough, we'll get exactly VDD

or logic 1 out.

Same thing on the high end.

We have a noise margin there.

It doesn't matter precisely how large the high voltage is.

As long as it's large enough, we'll get exactly

the low voltage logic 0 out that we're looking for.

These noise margins are very important.

When we're building complicated circuits,

errors would add up.

But what these noise margins do is they continually reset

the logic values to their appropriate values and

large-scale integration, large-scale circuits

would not be possible without noise margins.

Now, another feature of this transfer characteristic

is its steepness.

If we were to look right in the middle

of that transfer characteristic

and ask what's the slope there,

the slope is the voltage gain.

The slope is basically the change in output voltage

for a change in input voltage.

So the magnitude of that is very large

if this transition is very steep.

[Slide 10] Now, voltage gain is important in analog circuits.

But voltage gain is also important in digital circuits

because voltage gain does something very important for us.

Consider, for example, if the magnitude of the voltage gain

was 1, we would just have this straight line

with a slope of negative 1 there.

You can see that our noise margins have disappeared.

We would have no tolerance to noise and errors.

It would not be possible to produce large-scale

digital circuits without the errors accumulating

and destroying the operation.

So a fundamental consideration is that a transistor

or any device we're going to use for digital logic

should have gain in order to provide noise margins

that make these circuits possible.

[Slide 11] So this is our basic CMOS inverter.

It consists of two transistors.

The PMOS on top is often called the pull-up transistor

because its function, when the switch is closed,

is to pull the output voltage

up to the power supply voltage.

The n-channel transistor is often called

the pull-down transistor.

Its function, when closed, is to pull the output voltage

down to the ground, 0 voltage.

Very little current flows in this circuit

unless we're actually doing the switching transient itself.

That's a beautiful feature of this circuit.

Good noise margins occur when we have voltage gain.

So it's important that we have gain.

But the next two questions that we have is about

how fast can we operate this circuit

and how much power do we dissipate

while we're operating this circuit.

Those are very important questions for the design

of large-scale integrated circuits.

[Slide 12] So let's think about what happens as we switch

from a 0 to a 1.

So if we look at a 1 to a 0 transition on a gate,

when we switch low, that will open the n-channel device,

and that will close the p-channel device.

Since the p-channel device is closed,

we have a direct connection to the power supply,

current flows down, and charges this capacitor.

This capacitor, I've labeled C sub SW.

We call it the switching capacitance.

It represents all of the connections of the wire

from the output node to all of the other gates

that are being driven and all of the wires

that are connected to it,

to get the signals around the circuit.

So during this 1 to 0 transition,

we charge up all of those capacitors

to the power supply voltage.

So after that transition is made,

we're now have a high voltage stored on the capacitor.

The NMOS is open.

The only current that flows now

is this small leakage current.

[Slide 13] If we look the other direction,

if we switch from a logic 0 to a logic 1,

well, the high logic 1 will close the n-channel transistor.

It will open the p-channel transistor.

We now have a connection from the capacitor to ground.

The capacitor can discharge with a current ION flowing,

discharging the capacitor.

That will take the high voltage,

bring it back down to a low voltage,

and then we're left in a logic 0

when that transient is all over.

When the transient is all over, the only currents

that are flowing are these small leakage currents

because we have two transistors in series,

one of them is open.

Okay, so the next question we have is

how fast, how quickly can we charge

and discharge this capacitor?

That determines the speed of the circuit,

the speed of our microprocessor

or whatever it is that we're building.

[Slide 14] Well, let's just look at the discharge cycle

because things are symmetric.

And if we do the discharge cycle,

we basically have the whole story.

So let's think about the n-channel.

The capacitor has been charged up

to the power supply voltage.

We switch from low to high.

That closes the switch.

The NMOS device is on.

Current flows through the n-channel transistor.

There will initially be a large voltage across the terminal,

so the transistor is in the saturated region.

A large current will flow out of the capacitor into ground

and will discharge that capacitor.

So the question we have is, how long does it take

to discharge that capacitor?

Well, the charge that was stored, we remember

from our basic electrical engineering course

that the charge on a capacitor is capacitance times voltage,

so we know what the charge was initially

that was stored there.

We also know that the definition of current

is charge divided by time.

So these two relations we can solve and find the time

it takes to pull the charge out of that capacitor.

It's just C, the switching capacitance,

times the power supply voltage,

divided by the on-current that flows through the transistor.

Okay, so that's a very important relation

because it tells us what controls the speed of the circuit.

The speed depends on the DC on-current that flows

through the transistor.

And the same thing happens during the charging cycle.

When the capacitor is charging,

it will charge through the PMOS.

And the speed of the charging process will depend on

the on-current of the PMOS.

[Slide 15] Now, I'll just mention,

although I won't very much about this,

there are also speed considerations with all of the wires

that are used to connect up the various transistors

and gates in an integrated circuit chip.

And there's an awful lot of wires in today's chips

because there's an awful large number of gates

that need to be connected.

Years ago, the transistor speed itself determined

the speed of the circuit.

But we're at a situation now where the speeds,

due to all of these wires and these interconnects,

is really a dominant consideration.

And designers work very hard to manage these speeds

such that the overall performance of the circuit

is more controlled by the transistor

than by the wires themselves.

[Slide 16] Okay, we've understood speed.

We also have to understand power dissipation

because we'll usually have a power budget.

We want the batteries in our portable electronic devices

to last a long time.

If we have a large server farm,

we don't want to consume too much power.

So we have to be concerned about the power

that's being consumed while we're operating this circuit.

So we understand the switching speed,

but there are two different aspects to the power.

There's a dynamic power that is consumed

while we're doing the switching

and while the micro-processor is doing its work.

But there's also a static power.

When the CMOS gate is just sitting there, not switching,

either a 1 or a 0 on its input,

ideally, there would be no power dissipation at all.

In practice, there's some leakage current

and that has become quite important,

important enough for us to discuss.

But let's talk about dynamic power first.

[Slide 17] So let's consider that we have an input signal

that is switching rapidly between 0 and 1

at some frequency F.

So period, capital T.

When we apply that,

during the times when the input signal is low,

the NMOS is open-circuited, the PMOS is turned on,

current flows from the power supply through the PMOS,

charges the transistor up.

Charges it up and you may recall that the energy stored

in the capacitor after you've charged it up

is one-half capacitance times voltage squared.

Okay, so after the charging sequence,

we've stored energy in the capacitor.

When the signal then goes high in the next phase,

we turn the n-channel transistor on,

we turn the p-channel transistor off.

All of that energy we've stored in the capacitor

is now dumped to ground through the n-channel transistor.

That's where the power dissipation is occurring.

So let's look at that.

[Slide 18] Let's just look at the discharge cycle.

You can actually show that the same amount of power

is dissipated on the charging cycle.

So on a discharge cycle, we have capacitor that's charged up

and we are discharging it through the transistor to ground.

And we're asking, you know,

what's the power associated with that?

So all of that will take place during the half period

when the signal on the gate is high.

Well, initially, we stored an energy one-half CV-squared

on the capacitor.

At the end of this transient, there'll be no energy left.

All of that energy has been dissipated.

Power is the energy dissipated, divided by the time it took

to dissipate it.

You know, power is joules per second.

Joules of energy stored,

the seconds that it took for us to discharge the capacitor.

We just put in the one-half CV-squared, energy stored,

the half-period T over two,

and we find that the power is frequency times capacitance

times voltage squared.

The faster we run the circuit, the more power it consumes,

the more capacitance, the more power.

The higher the voltage is, the more power that's consumed.

So this is our dynamic power.

And the factor alpha here is something we've introduced

called an activity factor.

It represents the fraction of the time

that this particular gate is switching.

Not all gates switch every cycle.

This might be a few percent.

[Slide 19] Okay, so we've done the dynamic power.

We've discussed the dynamic power.

And we see that at a given frequency,

the dynamic power is proportional

to the power supply voltage squared

and to the frequency.

So we can't run the chip too fast

or it will dissipate too much power.

And there's a lot of motivation for looking for transistors

that operate at low voltages.

Okay, that's the dynamic power.

[Slide 20] But the non-ideal CMOS gate also dissipates some power

when it's not switching.

That power comes from the leakage current.

If we either have a 0 or a 1 on the input,

one of the two transistors is open-circuited,

but some leakage current flows.

As transistors have gotten smaller and smaller

over the years, these leakage currents have increased.

They're still small, but when we have

billions of transistors on a chip, they can add up.

The power dissipation, then,

we just have a leakage current, I-off,

that's the current flowing when the transistor is off,

times the power supply voltage.

If there are a large number of gates,

then that static power dissipation can add up

and be significant.

[Slide 21] So here are our basic considerations

about CMOS speed and power.

First of all, the speed is determined by on-current.

The higher the current that the transistor delivers,

the faster we can charge and discharge the capacitors.

So on-current is important for speed.

The faster we operate the circuit,

the more power we dissipate.

So this has led, in the last several years,

to a limitation on how fast we can run micro-processors.

We simply consume too much power if we run them any faster.

Lower power supply voltage means lower power,

especially dynamic power goes as voltage squared.

So there's a lot of incentive to use transistors

that operate at as low a voltage as possible.

And finally, leakage is bad.

The more leakage we have,

the more static power dissipation we have

and that's not good.

[Slide 22] So we're at an area now where

most electronics design is power constrained.

You'll be given a power budget.

You know, maybe if you're designing a chip

for a laptop computer, you might be permitted to dissipate

100 watts per centimeter squared.

If you're designing a product that's intended to

send signals and send information back to a central computer

and has to live for a long time

without running down a battery,

the power dissipation might be a lot less.

So there is some power dissipation limit that we begin with.

Now, if I look at power versus integration density,

the more complex my circuit, the more transistors on a chip,

the more leakage current is going to add up

and I'll have more static power dissipation.

If I went to an extreme and put too many transistors

on a chip, I would consume my entire power budget

with leakage power and not be able to do anything useful.

The useful work is done when I'm switching the gates.

That's the dynamic power.

If I have only a small level of integration density,

a small number of transistors on the chip,

all of my power can be dynamic power,

doing some useful computation or whatever.

But as I put larger and larger numbers of transistors

on the chip and make the chip more and more complex,

I'll have more leakage current

and I have to make sure that

the sum of the static power

and the dynamic power add up to my power budget

that I have to live within.

So this has really become a serious issue

in the last decade or so.

And it really limits the speed with which we can operate

digital circuits without exceeding power budgets.

[Slide 23] So we've talked about a lot of things,

but there are really only a few major points

that you need to understand about digital circuits

in order to appreciate

how transistors affect the performance of digital circuits.

So we build digital circuits with complementary devices,

both n-channel and p-channel devices.

The basic building block is the CMOS inverter,

which has some wonderful characteristics.

One of the things that we require from transistors

and from their circuit is that we have voltage gain

because voltage gain provides us with noise margins,

which are critical for doing digital computation

with large numbers of gates so that errors don't accumulate.

And then we've seen how on-current, off-current,

and power supply voltage are critical parameters.

They control speed and power

and they have a very important impact on

any circuit that we implement and design

with CMOS technology.

[Slide 24] Okay, so we've learned a little bit about digital circuits,

enough for this course.

We want to learn just a little bit about analog circuits,

so we can appreciate how the characteristics of transistors

affect the analog performance of circuits.

And that will be the topic of the next lecture.

For more infomation >> nanoHUB-U MOSFET Essentials L1.2: Transistors, Compact Models, and Circuits - Digital Circuits - Duration: 22:11.

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Digital Integration to Amplify Agricultural Extension's 2017 Digi Award - Duration: 5:07.

The smallholder farmers in Ethiopia face many different challenges on a regular basis.

During the training session, particularly with smallholder farmers,

the first challenge is the farmers are expected to travel a very long distance.

The other thing is we don't have any alternative or modern training materials.

And the third one is the participation of women

in this training process is very minimal.

It is important to ensure that the smallholder farmers receive a consistent message

across various different platforms that are engaging with the extension structure.

When farmers receive information across one platform

they will receive reinforcement of messages across another platform.

The digital integration for amplifying agricultural extension project largely had three objectives.

The first one to ensure that at least one million smallholder farmers were reached.

The second was to ensure that at least 250,000 of those smallholder farmers adopted one practice.

And the third is to ensure that there would be a 50 percent sustainability of these platforms

at large with the agricultural extension structure

here in Ethiopia.

The project works in partnership with the Ministry of Agriculture and Natural Resources

at the federal level.

And the Bureau of Agriculture at the regional, zonal, district, and village level

by leveraging the robust agriculture extension system and structure within the country.

The project brings together three different technology platforms

for smallholder farmers to be able to access information on a regular basis.

We have video-enabled extension approach, a participatory radio campaign,

and a set of interactive voice response audio segments.

I've received new knowledge in a simple way.

Most importantly, I learn new ways of doing things, which I

didn't know before.

The farmers' participation during video production and dissemination

is that they are the major actors while producing the video.

Also, as the main participants during the dissemination session,

they raise issues in the video production process.

During dissemination sessions farmers will be watching the videos

and have a discussion on points of their challenges or points where they want clarification.

And if they are willing to adopt the technology or the management practice promoted

they will be registering themselves to the development agents

who are facilitating the sessions.

The information we receive through the development agent

and the video is very important to us and makes our work very easy.

Now I see the practice with my own eyes.

I don't ask anyone to help me because I understand what I see.

Digital Green has supported and strengthened the ATA's existing

Interactive Voice Response Short Message Service.

A smallholder farmer calls into the system and they can leave a voice recording,

which is then forwarded to a district expert who reviews the question,

and then forwards a response back to the smallholder farmer.

Women farmers lack access to ICT.

The challenges are their poor ownership and access to technology.

Their knowledge on how to use this equipment is very limited.

To increase women's participation on the radio programs we had this initiative called

Her Farm Radio where we provided female listener groups with

radios and mobile phones so that they can listen and participate on

the radio programs we have provided.

We design the radio programs in a way that could interest female listeners.

And we broadcast the radio programs on a day and time

that are most favorable for women listeners to attend the program.

When female farmers listen to the voices of other female farmers

who have been successful in doing that specific practice,

it motivates and inspires them to go ahead and try and adopt that specific practice.

In the last three years the project was able to reach a large number of farmers

and has induces a better adoption and uptake of those technologies.

The video helps ingrain the practices in my mind.

It helps me to do it practically alone in a minute.

It helps me not to depend on others until they show me.

Today, I will do it and I don't wait for anyone to show me.

For more infomation >> Digital Integration to Amplify Agricultural Extension's 2017 Digi Award - Duration: 5:07.

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Kiwi Digital develops resources to support indigenous languages - Duration: 2:21.

For more infomation >> Kiwi Digital develops resources to support indigenous languages - Duration: 2:21.

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Expanding Opportunities in Agriculture with Digital Tools: CPM's 2017 Digi Award Story - Duration: 5:06.

Smallholder farmers make up almost 95 percent of this country's population.

They don't have collateral and they're not traceable in the agricultural

ecosystem.

Financial institutions are struggling to know who they are,

how much are they producing.

If smallholder farmers are not traceable, they don't have collateral,

it means that it's going to be a very high risky business for these financial institutions.

Akorion is an AgTech company that focuses on digitizing the agricultural ecosystem.

We developed an app for the farmers but we found that the developed applications

were not user-centered.

So when we met CPM, they helped us to go on the ground

and understand the user, the particular person that we wanted, the smallholder farmer.

CPM stands for Commodity Production and Marketing activity.

CPM brings various actors together to support smallholder farmers

to access the right information, the right extension services, inputs,

and market information to be able to improve their productivity.

We have developed an application called EzyAgric, That is used by farmers to access information

in production and marketing, plus bundled services.

The application has an animation which shows how to spray, how to apply fertilizers.

It has information about market information.

There's content on the application of where you can upload your products with

the pictures and then you set the prices,

you send it to the local markets.

EzyAgric teaches the farmers when to grow, what to grow, when to eat, what to eat.

As the farmer transacts on the application to get the right agronomy practices

we capture financial data about these farmers and their behavior.

We use this to create digital financial profiles for the farmer.

One of the benefits of data profiling is to have all of your farmers at your fingertips.

We always look so smart when we are approaching other partners.

For example, when we are looking for agriculture financing in banks,

we go with our farmers on a database on a phone.

I sit with a manager by my phone, 'Look I have these hundreds and thousands

of farmers."

And immediately you just win the heart of this business partner on arrival.

These tools give transparency to the agriculture market ecosystem.

CPM designed a unique model called the village agent model.

That can bring all the actors in the chain together.

Through the agents the farmer uses EzyAgric at the beginning of the season

to map out their farmland.

They use this acreage to access services like inputs, insurance, and planting

and any other production services based on the actual acreage that they quote.

During production they procure services directly on the app,

and they are able to get a report about the cost of production at the end of the production

season.

We are able to know which farmer is doing what.

We are able to know how many farmers are into coffee,

how many farmers are into beans, how many farmers are into goats.

We've been able to build more of a user-centered platform

That can easily be used by the farmers and the intermediaries.

Because of the use of the EzyAgric app the farmers are making decisions on when to

sell.

The EzyAgric app is going to help stabilize markets

and increase farmer's income because they make informed decisions.

Before Feed the Future, we were doing agriculture within the district as a community.

But now with Feed the Future we can trade with the globe.

They are linking us to markets.

As a result of our efforts, we intend to transform the agricultural ecosystem

in Uganda.

We hope to get at least 20 percent of the farmers

digitized on the platform within the next 8 years.

We have big, big hopes.

It's like life is made easy by just the touch of a phone screen.

I'm seeing the country following a global trend of adoption of technology.

I'm seeing the future of agriculture, of young, enthusiastic technologists who are

trying to change the way we have been doing agriculture

as a country.

For more infomation >> Expanding Opportunities in Agriculture with Digital Tools: CPM's 2017 Digi Award Story - Duration: 5:06.

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Edición Digital Houston 01/30/19 - Duration: 32:19.

For more infomation >> Edición Digital Houston 01/30/19 - Duration: 32:19.

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Canary Case Study #4 - The Case of the Digital Data Standard - Duration: 2:46.

So, it looks like you're in pretty good health....

...other than this one note in your file.

It says that you have some kind of life-threatening allergy.

Yeah, I've got a pretty serious peanut allergy.

Well, your electronic medical record doesn't go into much detail.

It just says that you have an allergy...

...of some kind...

...and that it's life threatening.

Isn't the whole point of an electronic medical record to accurately track my health data?

Yeah right! It's the wild west out there.

There's no industry standard for electronic medical records

so people put whatever they want in.

The data is so unreliable, I usually just wing it!

Uh...what?

You'd never really see this at a doctor's office, would you?

Of course not. Why?

Because healthcare has an industry data standard that defines the structure and terminology

of electronic medical records.

With a common digital language, stakeholders can efficiently and reliably share data online,

improving patient outcomes and lowering the cost of data management.

The petroleum industry also uses electronic records - of underground storage tank equipment.

However, no standard format or data structure exists, creating cost and inefficiency as

the industry tries in vain to match up and share incompatible equipment data.

That's why we at Canary Compliance

are seeking your perspective

on the idea of a new industry standard

We've talked to retailers, regulators, service contractors, and IT vendors

Many agree on the need for an industry standard

that defines the structure and content of UST equipment data

for the purpose of digital exchange

In other words, getting the industry to agree on a common language for UST equipment data

making it easier to share online, improving service outcomes

and lowering the cost of data management.

So, if you've have tanks or use online tools to manage tank data,

let us know what you think about the idea of an industry data standard.

We'd love to know your thoughts!

Add a comment to this video, connect on LinkedIn,

or shoot us an email at simplify@cancomply.io

Thanks for watching and thanks for supporting a data-driven future for the industry.

Let's get to work!

For more infomation >> Canary Case Study #4 - The Case of the Digital Data Standard - Duration: 2:46.

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LEC 3 - Digital Pixel LED Controller - Duration: 1:33.

Are you looking for a device with great connectivity that can use widely adopted

industry standards, such as DMX or ArtNet?

That is of course not all!

Included with every LED Ethernet Controller 3

is also our control software, that allows you to change

the effects in real-time and synchronize your shows with music.

LEC 3 is a 3rd generation

of our most popular digital pixel LED controller. The device

has been used to control installations with over 60,000 individual LED pixels

Single device can power up to 4,096 diods, that means 1,024 per 1 SPI output

given that you have additional power source. You can find IN and OUT XLR

ports for DMX signal and to Ethernet ports for RJ45 connectors. You can

daisy-chain more devices together and spare some cables with option to connect

dmx devices directly into our controller. But you can use multiple devices in case

you need to control more than 4096 LED pixels. Our web is full of schemes and

examples on how to correctly add more juice to your device so make sure to

check it out. Thank you from LED Strip Studio team.

you

For more infomation >> LEC 3 - Digital Pixel LED Controller - Duration: 1:33.

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#CES2019 | Interview French Tech ! École Supérieure du Digital - Duration: 1:57.

For more infomation >> #CES2019 | Interview French Tech ! École Supérieure du Digital - Duration: 1:57.

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digital learning daysssss - Duration: 2:35.

For more infomation >> digital learning daysssss - Duration: 2:35.

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5 Best Facebook Groups to Discuss Blogging and Digital Marketing in 2019 - Duration: 2:27.

In today video, I will introduce you some amazing facebook groups to clear your blogging

and digital marketing doubts.

Myself Venakt, I will produce tips and strategies to improve your online influence.

If you are new to this channel, consider to subscribe.

Let's dive into the groups Learn Digital Marketing.

It is created by Deepak Kanakaraju.

He also called as digital Deepak.

It is a largest digital marketing facebook group in india.

It have more than one lakh members If you are new to this group, I suggest you

to join and get the help from the industry experts.

Link in the desc ription If you are already joined let share your experience

in the comments.

I am very curious to know it Next one bloggers funda

bloggers funda was hosted by pro-Pakistani Amir Mursleen.

it has 90k+ members.

you can get a reply very fast in this group.

you will get a lot of free resources from this group.

Checkout link in description Next one Blogging cage VIP

this group hosted by Kulwant Nagi. you can get support to your blogging journey

from him via this forum.

It has 21k+ members.

Link in the description Next one Digital Marketing Enthusiasts

this group hosted by Shashank Srivastava.

It has 9k+ members Check out the link in description

Next one Master Blogging – master the art of blogging

It is created by ankit singla You can clear your blogging doubts from this

group He also producing blogging live sessions in

this group Just checkout link in description and share

your thoughts in the comments.

I hope this video will help you.

If you found this video helpful, like up and share it with your friends.

Still not subscribed to this channel, consider to subscribe to receive notification when

I upload new videos.

Thank you.

For more infomation >> 5 Best Facebook Groups to Discuss Blogging and Digital Marketing in 2019 - Duration: 2:27.

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5 Best Websites to Learn Blogging and Digital Marketing in 2019 - Duration: 3:33.

In today Video, I will Introduce some amazing websites to Learn Blogging and Digital Marketing.

Hey myself Venkat, I will Prouduce Tips and Strategies to Improve your Online Influence.

If you are new to this channel, consider to Subscribe.

Let's drive into the websites The first and my favourite website is the

Neil Patel It is hosted by the Digital Marketing Expert

Neil Patel.

He mainly focus on Content Marketing Checkout the Link in the Description

The next website is Backlinko.

It is hosted by Brian Dean.

He mainly focus on Search Engine Optimisation.

He is SEO Expert in the Industry Link in description

Next Website is ProBlogger dot com ProBlogger was founded by Darren Rowse.

he blogs about how to start a blog and how to make it as money making blog.

He is a Professional Blogger Link in description

Next one is shoutmeloud dot com Shoutmeloud is founded by Harsh Agarwal.

he started this blog as a tech blog. as he learns blogging he changed this blog to help

upcoming bloggers.

he mostly shares on the blog about WordPress, Blogging, SEO.

Check out link in description

Next Website is the DigitalDeepak dot com DigitalDeepak was founded by Deepak Kanakaraju.

he first started the motorcycle blog bikeadvice.

he learned digital marketing and applied those strategies to bikeadvice blog.

he made it the number one blog to get suggestions about bikes.

he sold it to 25k dollars.

he started a digitaldeepak blog to share his digital marketing knowledge with the world.

Checkout the link in description Next website is the MasterBlogging dot com

MasterBlogging is founded by Ankit Singla. he blogs about how to start a blog and drive

traffic to blog from different sources and to scale up the blog to the next level.

Next Website is the Bloggerspassion dot com It is hosted by Anil Agarwal.

He blogs about Blogging.

I hope this video will help you.

If you found this video helpful, like up and share it with your friends.

Still not subscribed to this channel, consider to subscribe to receive notification when

I upload new videos.

Thank you.