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Old Dominion University campus closed due to report of an anonymous threat - Duration: 2:40.
For more infomation >> Old Dominion University campus closed due to report of an anonymous threat - Duration: 2:40. -------------------------------------------
University Of Sialkot Invit Me For Concert VLOG - Duration: 10:11.
Oh My God
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Melania Trump talks about opioid addiction at Liberty University - Duration: 2:05.
For more infomation >> Melania Trump talks about opioid addiction at Liberty University - Duration: 2:05. -------------------------------------------
American Language Center - University Fair 2017 - Duration: 2:07.
I come here because I want to improve my English. Now I am learning English here
in UCLA Extension and I'm going to UCLA's law school.
I'm very interested in the UCLA Social Science Master's degree.
We have about six international students out of 20 students so far. We're looking
to recruit more. We welcome international students to our program. Data science,
which is a really hot field right now. Engineering management is another one
that it's a hot field, and our mechanical engineering program. I am a lawyer from
Brazil and I went through the program. I'm biased to say anything, but it's a
fantastic program. It gave me the skills that are life skills that I can use--I do use
on a daily basis. We have a center for international education and we pride
ourselves on having outstanding student services for our international students
so they can get a lot of attention at our University. We're a global community.
A lot of our students are super friendly and love talking to international
students. And I make so many friend here. For language it's beautiful and very good.
I think if she wants to learn English and get a very great improve, they need
to come here. This is very good for study. Very, very good for study
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Montana State University looking to boost disability program in Bozeman - Duration: 2:09.
For more infomation >> Montana State University looking to boost disability program in Bozeman - Duration: 2:09. -------------------------------------------
11/28/18 3:41 PM (7034-7106 Loyola Marymount University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA) - Duration: 5:00.
For more infomation >> 11/28/18 3:41 PM (7034-7106 Loyola Marymount University Dr, Los Angeles, CA 90045, USA) - Duration: 5:00. -------------------------------------------
University of London | Wikipedia audio article - Duration: 46:28.
For more infomation >> University of London | Wikipedia audio article - Duration: 46:28. -------------------------------------------
Mr. Burns A Post-Electric Play | Colorado Mesa University - Duration: 0:16.
what happens to a pop culture narrative pushed past the fall of civilization
experience the dark comedy brilliance of mr. burns a post electric play at CMU
theater April 6th through the 14th
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University Health System: Teenagers & Mental Health | SA Live | KSAT 12 - Duration: 3:28.
For more infomation >> University Health System: Teenagers & Mental Health | SA Live | KSAT 12 - Duration: 3:28. -------------------------------------------
University of Iowa student invited to Florida to witness history! - Duration: 0:55.
For more infomation >> University of Iowa student invited to Florida to witness history! - Duration: 0:55. -------------------------------------------
HBCU Texas Southern University Evacuated After Bomb Threat | Heavy.com - Duration: 5:30.
HBCU Texas Southern University Evacuated After Bomb Threat | Heavy.com
The university was evacuated Wednesday afternoon after the Houston Police Department said there was a credible bomb threat made against the college Wednesday afternoon.
A Houston Emergency Center call taker received a bomb threat at approximately 1:40 pm that mentioned the @TexasSouthern University Campus.
The information was relayed to TSU and they are the point of contact for information.
HPD is assisting.
#hounews https://t.co/jJMvBqnMuz — Houston Police (@houstonpolice) November 28, 2018 .
It was reported a Houston emergency center call-taker received a bomb threat at 1:40 p.m.
that targeted Texas Southern.
Due to a threat received from Houston Police Department, classes at Texas Southern University are cancelled and campus is being evacuated.
— Texas Southern University (@TexasSouthern) November 28, 2018 .
Within an hour, the college reported that "our campus is under control and fully evacuated," classes were canceled and the university was coordinating with other agencies, it said to begin a search of the campus.
#TSU #TxSu #TexasSouthern Here's an update!! pic.
twitter.
com/G7tvPliJIh — TxSU BSM (@txsu_bsm) November 28, 2018 .
The university student newspaper's Twitter account began to post images of the evacuation and the subsequent shutdown of the college.
Update: Campus police have blocked off Cleburne Street from Sampson to Ennis Street Photos by Mikol Kindle pic.
twitter.
com/mjEjFLddg7 — The TSU Herald (@TheTSUHerald) November 28, 2018 .
Texas Southern University is one of the nation's largest historically black universities.
Founded in 1927, TSU has around 9,000 students enrolled and is home to 10 separates colleges and schools.
Some students asked where they were supposed to go.
The Houston campus has nearly 30 percent of its students living in on-campus housing.
The TSU Herald reported that a nearby Baptist church has opened its doors for students.
Update: Wheeler Avenue Baptist Church is allowing students who live in the dorms to wait for the campus to reopen.
3826 Wheeler St Houston, TX 77004 United States — The TSU Herald (@TheTSUHerald) November 28, 2018 .
Shortly after the TSU bomb threat, Grambling State University in Louisiana, also a Historically Black College/University, reported it too has received a bomb threat.
Bomb Threat in Grambling Hall, Please evacuate building and areas within 300 feet immediately.
Call (318) 274-2222 to report suspicious activity.
— Grambling State Univ (@Grambling1901) November 28, 2018 .
Grambling extended the threat to the entire campus just before 6 p.m.
It also canceled classes and said it was investigating an active bomb threat.
Texas Southern had classes cancelled because of a bomb threat and now there has been a bomb threat at #Grambling .
Updates will be made as new information is received on this developing story.
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English Department | Westfield State University - Duration: 2:07.
I mean I love English so I knew I wanted to be an English major,
but when I came here for orientation, I met with Professor DiGrazia.
And she told me about Persona and all the opportunities, and I was just immediately sold.
Right from the start when I became an English major,
the faculty, professors, students were so welcoming.
They made me feel comfortable in going to them if I had any questions
about what needed to be done or what was expected.
When I changed majors, I wasn't sure how I was gonna fit,
but you guys talked to me after class, made sure the work wasn't too heavy,
asked how I was doing, and just made sure that I was supported and comfortable with my change.
All of my professors have been so invested in my personal growth as a student,
that I feel like I really have support at this school if I need it.
Being a part of Persona is really amazing because like each year we produce a book.
It's so great to be able to read and collect and compile all of our classmates work.
Sigma Tau Delta is an international honor society for English,
and it's like an even smaller community within the English Department.
They have a lot of really great scholarships, they have internships,
and it gives you an opportunity to present at major specific conventions and conferences as an undergrad.
The faculty, the staff, the students, like I said,
are all willing to help, always wanting to get the best out of you
and are always there for you when you need them.
They're loving, they're supportive, they're kind, they're thoughtful,
they're dedicated, they want to teach.
Professor Nielsen's creative writing class is what really spurred me on to become a writer
and I don't think I would ever replace that experience for anything.
It's really helped me become who I am and helped me develop my skills.
As somebody who's going to be an English teacher in the future, I look up to many of them
with their ability to really understand what the student is trying to say
and to help them put whatever they need to say into words.
Sometimes I'm not comfortable with my writing, I'm still learning to be comfortable
and whenever I need help, they'll let me come to their office,
they look at my papers and make sure everything's going good.
Everyone is just so nice, compassionate, understanding, and welcoming,
there's not a friendlier place on campus that I've ever found.
I'm very happy that I chose to be an English major here at Westfield State.
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Apply for the 2019 Memorial University Award for Outstanding Self-directed Learning - Duration: 0:50.
Hey, I'm Matthew Downer recipient of the 2018 Memorial University Award for Outstanding Self-Directed Learning. This award celebrates
undergraduate students who take initiative and manage their own learning outside the traditional classroom.
I discovered I could combine my growing knowledge of neuroscience with my passion for sport to help athletes living with disabilities and
neurological conditions strive towards their goals. If you demonstrate originality and innovation in a self-directed learning experience of your own I
encourage you to apply to this year's competition.
Oh, I can't forget to mention, there's a $1,000 cash prize. Good luck!
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Nevada Weekly, University of Nevada, Reno, September 13, 1982 - Duration: 29:00.
Tim Jones: Good morning and welcome to Nevada Weekly, this morning. I'm Tim Jones,
Susan Haas is with us this morning in the studio and on this morning's program,
we're going to be hearing about the acquisition of a new machine which
analyzes just about anything you want it to and if you're proud about your
automatic watering system at home, wait till you hear about the irrigation
system that's just being tested by the UNR Agriculture Department, and also,
we're going to have something about your subconscious. One of the most important
things I think about being on a university campus, Susan, is the diversity
of people, projects, research that is going on. Three books have been
written "Subliminal Seduction", "Medius Exploitation", and "Clamplight
Orgy". Those are not the titles of x-rated triple bill at the drive-in. Those are
written by a student here at the University, Fr. Wilson Brian Key. Susan Haas: Dr.
Key has been spending some time at the University taking Spanish classes in
preparation for a move to Puerto Rico, which he's planning, and he was kind
enough to take some time off this summer from his classes to visit with Nevada
Weekly reporter Joanne Lasawsky and answer some of her questions. Joanne Lasawsky: Dr. Key,
I would like you to explain what is subliminal projection or persuasion and
how is it used today in advertising? Dr. Key: Okay, it's very simple, Joanne, we've known for a
very very long time that enormous prodigious quantities of information go
into our brain constantly from all of the sensory inputs. Very little of this
perhaps as little as one 1000 there were surfaces and what we call conscious
awareness or cognitive perception, things were consciously aware is going on, but
there's a lot of other stuff in our heads that can program us for various
kinds of behavior and as I say, this is not a secret it's been known for a long
time, I'm always fascinated at the United States as a culture as a media produced
culture. If you wanted to create in the Orwellian context in 1984, on purpose, the
first thing you'd have to do is convince everyone in the society that you're
going to work on that they all fought for themselves, that
they were capable of distinguishing between right and wrong, true and false,
moral and immoral, that they could not be manipulated. Now, with an extraordinary
job of that in the United States, with the help even of the universities and
this behavior is nonsense we teach in psychology. We taught everyone that there
are people who think for themselves. Remember the guy some years ago who who
smoked a cigarette, the cigarette for the man who thinks for himself, was very
funny because of the darn fool could think for himself be to quit smoking 20
years ago. This makes us extremely vulnerable, extremely vulnerable and the
dangerous part of it is we don't know. We think it's all a simple game played on
top of the table, very little of it's played on top of the table.
Most of what makes media work, the fifty billion dollars it was invested in
advertising last year. Most of what makes that an effective business investment, in
terms of the profit it can produce, is at the subliminal level. The cognitive
material actually is almost just like a shill. The girl in the bikini bathing suit,
simply get you to look at the billboard long enough for a skull and a bottle of
whiskey glass to get into your brain and lock in and produce what's called the
the Petzl effects, the delayed action response mechanism, very comparable to
post hypnotic suggestion. I'm always astonished in the United States quite
differently than Europe at the naivety of most Americans have towards the way
they perceive the world. They have a very simplistic view, you know, seeing is
believing. If you believe that you're all set. You could be you can be done with
almost anything anyone wishes to. Let's give the audience some examples of
subliminal techniques or lots of them in the various books on this, but here's one,
this is a two-page ad that appeared in variously in look life, it's an ad for
Benson & Hedges cigarettes as you can see. There are 14 people, yes, quite
complex. I think in the second book, medias exploitation, I devoted almost the
whole chapter to this, so a very complex ad. So this is an ad where over three
million dollars was invested in publishing this picture and it's a
composite picture, it's not a picture of a hockey hockey hockey players and
spectators. These are all actors, very expensive piece
production, there's in just in producing this picture there's about twenty-five
to thirty thousand dollars with the production cost, not in counting the
three million dollars it's spent buying space and which to display the picture. Now,
there's a lot of curious things in this but let me point to one, we've got a
slide where if you can bring the camera as tight as you can on that talkie glove
and you bring it up just a bit, you can see the word here the word
should have been Cooper this is the internationally registered trademark of
Cooper corporation in Toronto, the world's largest manufacturer of hockey
equipment, but as you can perceive can we go to the slide we can get this on a
slide the word is not Cooper the word has been retouched from Cooper into what
you can perceive quite easily on the television set as the word.. Joanna Lasawsky: Cancer. Dr. Key: Right,
It's fascinating that in a three and a half million
dollar investment in selling cigarettes, you would purposely put the word cancer
where no one is going to see it especially smokers we did experiments
with this particular ad and forty percent of the smokers we showed it to
we'd say what is that word, we use the magnifying lens so they could see it
very well and they'd say well Cooper, and I would say take another look,
yeah it's Cooper or they'd say by the I don't I don't know I can't see it it's
too blurred, now virtually plus one percent of the non-smokers had
trouble seeing it as cancer. It demonstrates what's been called
variously perceptual defense, repression denial, there a number of a body about
twelve different parameters of perceptual defense that have been
delineated in the various theories of psychology, fact that every human being
has a potential in the nervous system to hide from themselves information which
if consciously dealt with would scare the bejesus out of them. It would provoke a
great deal of anxiety and this is, was an example of people hiding the word
cancer. Now as this appeared in Life magazine look and the rest of the
publications, no one saw the word cancer consciously but that is a very powerful
symbol of death in this culture. That would register at this none conscious
level of perception or the unconscious, subconscious, need mind, file, and third
brain are a lot of words that have been used to discuss this. This would register
almost the speed of light in the brain and it would lock information about this
ad into the brain where it would be recalled perhaps three days, three weeks
three months later, and result in a product preference or brand preference
for a product like like tobacco. Now, it's an ingenious system and it's fascinating,
something new about this. We've practiced this type of media back to the 15th
century, techniques of this sort were used by people like Da Vinci, Titian,
Michelangelo was extraordinarily good at it, and nobody but the ad guys out there
hustling the buck were able to figure how to make this thing work in the
interest of profit and so forth. Here's a little curious one. This was an a
place mat in use at Howard Johnson restaurants, some 2,000 Howard Johnson
restaurants all over the North America, was in use for about six years and it
sold fried clam plates. Now, people go in they sit down, nobody reads clam plates,
except perhaps my students and as you can see, a simple thing. It looks like
ostensibly a photograph of the plate of fried clams,
little coleslaw, some parsley, french fries.
Now, if you've ever eaten fried clams, can you get a little tighter on those fried
clams? You can see quite easily, and I think this is very important, these don't
look like fried clams. Whatever they may be, they're not fried clams right. They
don't look anything like that. This is a painting. We had a number of artists
estimate how much this painting of a porthole and a plate of fried clams
across the production cost on this art production would have been between 10
and $15,000. It's a very difficult thing to paint and make the painting look more
real than the real thing. Now, once you know it's not real, it's not a photograph
of fried clam plate and those clams don't look like clams, look what they do
look like, we can get the camera in as tight as possible, well I put this transparent
overlay. The clams form the shapes of eight bodies and a large donkey involved
in what I could only interpret as a sexual orgy featuring all those lovely
things brought to us by things like playboy, bestiality, group sex and the
rest of the fantasies that make up reproductive behavior in North America.
Now, that isn't done for fun in and kicks, that's done as a good solid economic
motivation. This sells fried clam plates. Now, if we can
get that in again. When I take this what I took the overlay off, can we go back to
that once more? I want to be able to show the audience is able here here it is with
the overlay, now, when I take the overlay off you can perceive the eye of a donkey
here, the donkey's ear, they had the neck, the forelegs, and the back legs going
down to the feet here, and as I say, it's reproduced in the book the clam plate
My publisher was so taken with the whole thing that they decided it would
make it a delightful title for the book and the books done really well. Now, this
an extraordinary piece of art and it has power not just simply to sell you fried
clam plates, which are a high profit item on the menu at our Johnson restaurant. It
has another potential, a highly educational potential that could make such
things as bestiality, group sex also seem quite rational, quite reasonable.
I mean, you wouldn't even bat an eyelid at this, it's all stuff. Now, this suggests
one little drop of sand and the Sahara, 50 billion dollars worth of the stuff
that went into your brains last year. It sells you, but I have no quarrel with
that, the product, but it also can persuade and educate you into a variety
of cultural perspectives, cultural viewpoints which maybe have done as
grave grave mischief grave mischief especially when you consider that a
billion dollars worth of this material from my research over the past 10 years,
99% of alcohol beverage advertising incorporates these techniques and we
have an extraordinary ability to increase the number of consumers and the
quantities they consume in virtually any product area with extraordinary skill.
Now, in alcohol, this is created well the national suit of health tells us we're
now something like 12 million people who are alcoholics and they die, about 95
percent. Once a person gets into that, it's virtually impossible to get out of
it. It's a very terminal disease and a good part of it is induced by this kind
of advertising, which I'm fascinated no one such as the Federal Trade Commission
is those other nice people want to get into this. Joanne Lasawsky: There is no real legal no
legislation here? Dr. Key: Well, Yale law school did a research
hundred several years ago, it was published called subliminal stimuli on American
broadcast media. The research was sponsored by
senator Wendell Anderson in Minnesota, it's a legislative study and they
believe the Yale Law School people believe quite firmly these this is a
very clear violation of section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, which is
the wheeler-lea amendment attempting to deal with deception and advertising, this
is a clear violation of that, this would have to be determined of course in
federal court, but on the surface it appears to be quite again a violation of
existing federal law. Now, the FTC has known about this for at least eight
years, I told them. Their legal division in the department receptive advertising
is a whole floor of lawyers that do nothing but work on deception and
advertising. They've known about this a long time and they've chosen not to do
anything about it and of course now with the president punch we have in the
nation's capital. It's extremely doubtful that anything will ever be done about
this, except more of it. If anything has happened in the ten years since I've
been writing these books, it's been a proliferation of this material. I taught
a course at UCLA several years ago and I had 90 students enrolled and half of the
work had agencies, their tuition was paid by their employers and they they were
pretty open budge, they frankly said well we're here to learn better how to rip
off the American consumer and I guess I showed them and t's a little disturbing
thinking initially I was exposing something and I become sort of a
training program for the advertising industry. Let's take a look at a couple
of, let's try this one for just a moment. This is about a five to six
million dollar investment by the Bacardi Corporation aside came out of Playboy. It
appeared repeatedly in every publication in America. Now, nothing but a glass of
what appears to be rum and some ice cubes bottled Bacardi in the background.
Can we go in tight on this ice cube? Notice this rather curious ice cube here,
the top of the domed head, the eye socket, the nose socket, the mouth of the teeth
in it, a skull symbol of death, gold and death, rich death I suppose, but
extraordinary thing to be putting in to a five and a half million dollar
investment in the marketing of a national rum brand. Joanna Lasawsky: Dr. Key, what can
the average person do to effectively cope with these daily subliminal
bombardments, is there anything? Dr. Key: Very little because if there's an answer to
this mess, it's an it's a politically it will be a politically generated answer.
There's a congressman and a an assemblyman in California. Congressman
Dornan from Los Angeles is planning to initiate something in the Congress next
fall, prohibiting rock music people from doing
subliminal embedding in rock music, but as I say, for the average person, there is
a degree, I try to talk about this in the books, you can protect yourself to some
extent by developing a greater sophistication about the perceptual
process. Most of what we've been told about perception is quite wrong ,it's
quite limited, quite superficial. This can be a defense of some
degree, but there's no perfect defense against that other than simply banning
it legally from public public use, as I say, it does appear to violate existing
federal law. Joanne Lasawsky: I want to thank you, Dr. Key. I think you've opened our eyes just a
little bit to this startling phenomena. Dr. Key: In good fun, Joanne and the time went to fast. Joanna Lasawski: Thank you
very much. Susan Haas: Our thanks to Joanna Lasawsky for reporting on subliminal advertising.
Next, we're joining Carol Morgan who's going to be telling us about an
irrigation system being tested by UNR's Ag department. Carol Morgan: A new concept in
labor-saving irrigation is being developed through the college of agriculture
near Fernley. The system called Agri-pop is being tested by two university
professors, Claire Mahana and Dr. W Miller. Professor Mahana: The main purpose for the this
type of a system is to facilitate the bearing or the lowering of sprinkler
system completely out of farm operation paths like for plowing, disking, planting
and also add worked for pasturing of cattle bringing cattle in without
ruining the sprinkler system. It's a direction towards automated irrigation.
Carol Morgan: Professor Mahana explains the control panels and mechanism of the irrigation
system. Professor Mahana: This panel right here is a control panel, which controls a river
pump for we're pumping water out of a Truckee River.
This is a river component and then this is a booster pump that pumps the water
from the base of the hill up 150 feet and pressurizes a sprinkler system to a
pressure of 50 pounds per square inch. The next panel is a palette showing the
control equipment that controls the for irrigation treatments. These are timer
clocks here which record the amount of time each irrigation treatment runs. This
clock arrangement here is a clock that you can set up to control and run each
of the for irrigation treatments that we're running. In addition to that
monitoring, we are monitoring the amount of water that flows on to each of the
irrigation treatments and you can see over on the right hand side here some
red scribes, which is a description or a recording of the amount of water and
flow per gallons per minute. These are the totalizing meters that totalize each
of the four treatments and total gallons applied per irrigation treatment. The
irrigation system is made up of a of this agro pop sprinkler which was
originally developed by Mr. Paul Andrew in Mindon, Gardnerville. This system is is
a buried system where this portion of the head right here is buried down the
ground 2 feet below ground surface. When pressure is put on on this one side of
the system the sprinkler system being buried will push this sprinkler system
up vertically five feet in this manner coming two feet out of the ground and
then three feet above ground surface. When the system is to be retracted, pressure is put on
the other side of this double acting cylinder and the system comes back down
such that this sprinkler head then is below the ground two feet. We would like
to demonstrate how this system works alive. We've simply hooked up a garden
hose to a pressure supply here and Mr. Warren Fink is going to demonstrate how
the the system operates. Okay.
This is in the supply mode, the sprinkler this is assist the direction of...
Okay and in retrack mode. Pressure is applied on the other side and you take a
bath. Joanna Lasawsky: There are daily breakthroughs in the world of biochemistry and here at
the University of Nevada, we'll be able to keep up with these amazing
discoveries with the help of a newly acquired instrument, a computerized gas
chromatograph mass spectrometer. The instrument is being housed here in the
School of Medicine awaiting the completion of the building across the
way, which will house a new biochemistry lab. This instrument is so sensitive, it
can detect sub parts per billion of a component in a mixture. It will greatly
enhance biochemical research on the UNR campus Dr. Glen C Miller. assistant
professor of pesticide chemistry at the agricultural college, has been working
with the instrument for the natural products laboratory. Clen Miller: To computerize
chromatograph mass spectrometer is one of the actually more sophisticated
instruments we have on campus. What it does is it take the complex mixture and
solution, it separates in the gas chromatograph into different
constituents, each constituent then comes out and goes into the mass spectrometer.
Part of the system where each compound is then ionized, sent through a series of
magnets, and detected on in the detector, this box back here. Each
compound that comes through is ionized into and give the mask the
characteristics of that particular compound. The computer then picks up
that information and tells you what the compound is and how much there is of it,
so in brief, what the instrument does is it they take the mixture, separates it,
identifies it, and tells you how much of each constituent there is. There
obviously limits to what kind of compounds you can put in a by and large
it's a very powerful instrument. Joanna Lasawsky: Dr. Miller, how will this instrument
serve the Agricultural College? Dr. Miller: The instrument is a very valuable addition
to the equipment in the College of Agriculture because it can do a varied
number a very great number of different tasks the work. I do have largely to do
with pesticides and environmental contaminants. It will take a mixture of a
pesticide say, for example, a pesticide have been applied to a crop, you can go
through and extract the crop for that pesticide and you can identify the pesticide
in it and find out how much that pesticide is on the crop.
Another example, we're going to use it for is the natural product we are
presently working on, a project in which we're trying to
identify different constituents in a series of plants that have potential for
producing energy or hydrocarbons on the Nevada lands. This instrument, again, will
be a very great aid in identifying those compounds telling you how much we have
it of each of them and what they are. Another member the biochemistry
faculty is working the area of insect waxes and hydrocarbons, what he is
expecting to do his project is very basic research and that he's trying to
understand how insects biosynthesize, how they make these different
constituents that they make. For example, he's looking in a housefly housefly
synthesize a chemical that attract houseflies,
the idea being that if you can control how insects are attracted to each other,
you can control the insect. Joanne Lasawsky: Dr. Ronald Pardini, head of UNR's biochemistry
department was instrumental in obtaining this machine for the university. Dr. Pardini: This
came as a really success story from one of the research programs and and we have
a research contract with the private company to develop an anti-cancer drug
to look at a particular plant that grows in Nevada and it turns out that that
whole thing is developed and we've have had some really good success in treating
cats and dogs and things and hope to treat people very soon and as a result
of that, this company has established an endowment with the university to support
natural products research and which is really what we're talking about when we
talk about plants and cancer services and that's what I think,
and that that endowment really contributed substantially to this
particular instrument and I'd say about 80% of the funds came from that private
source. The rest of the funds came from local people on campus and particular
the College of Ag contributed some and School of Medicine contributed some.
The vice president has been very instrumental in helping us gain funds
and the UNR foundation conceded to a grant we applied for. Joanne Lasawsky: Dr. Pardini, we
understand the instrument was purchased and added substantial savings to the
university. Dr. Pardini: Well, also this research has led us to do some collaborative work
with the Research Institute and they had a brand new instrument. They had this
instrument as a brand new instrument and they needed something more sophisticated.
This is really very sophisticated and will be just fine for our needs but
they have a lot much larger Institute and needed something even more
sophisticated than this and so they sold us this as they used instrument and it
was it was just like new. It's still under a new instrument warranty so we
saved some money on that basis too. A new instrument would cost about $180,000.
We got this for $125,000 and well it will serve the Medical School in many ways in
particular. It will enhance any pharmacological or biochemical research
program that's ongoing like the natural product research program. In addition,
there's some clinical research that can be enhanced by the use of this equipment
and that is in treating cancer patients. Often, it's important to monitor the
levels of blood and look at blood metabolites of people and so this
equipment will enable us to pull samples of blood from people that have been
treated with drugs and monitor the metabolism and distribution of blood in
their body and in the blood. In addition, I think it's going to have application
in areas like toxicology in relation to humans where clinical labs have to
identify somebody is in a coma, they've taken a particular drug and we
might be able to help in that regard for quick analysis and in addition,
toxicology labs might be interested, if for legal hearings and legal cases if a
person has any particular controlled substance like marijuana or LSD or
something like that would probably detect those levels in in human blood
and maybe even in, you know, other tissues I think from those stand points that
will contribute to clinical and medical kinds of research both at the basic and
clinical level and we've just recently preparing and will submit a note a lot
of the agencies out in the state beside those that are clinically related.
We'll send them to health care labs, we're sending them to companies that
need to do environmental statements like Sierra Pacific and so forth.
We've sent them to crime labs, toxicology lab, things like that and we're going to
solicit their business actually and solicit samples from them to come in and
use equipment because this is the only piece of equipment available now in
Northern Nevada and this capability should hopefully be a big asset to the
University and the community. Joanne Lasawsky: So, right here at UNR, with the help of this newly
acquired instrument we'll be able to keep up with the technological advances
in the world of biochemistry as well as serve the community. This is Joanne
Lasawsky reporting for Nevada Weekly. Susan Haas: We have to really commend Joanne for
mastering that term. What a name, computerized gas chromatograph mass
spectrometer. Tim Jones: Very good, and you already said it once already this morning. We should say that
it was purchased at a savings of $60,000 and we want to stress also that it's
available to police, hospitals, and other state agencies for their use as well.
Sorority rush is over, fraternity rush is over,
classes are beginning back here at UNR, and we want to tell you about some
of the activities coming up here at the University of Nevada, Reno. Before we do,
thanks for joining us this morning and we'll see you again in a couple weeks, Susan.
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Nevada Weekly, University of Nevada, Reno, September 7, 1981 - Duration: 29:01.
Mark Ross: Good morning. I'm Mark Ross with Nevada Weekly, and with me this morning is Dr.
Rodney Harrington of the chemistry department at UNR and Dr. Ilga Winicov
above the biochemistry Department. This morning we're going to deal with a
highly challenging subject of genetic engineering. This subject is also often
controversial. Dr. [inaudible], myself and people who aren't really familiar with the term,
could you explain for us what exactly is genetic engineering?
Dr. Rodney Harrington: Well, genetic engineering is as a name name says has two parts engineering,
which traditionally means doing something we want done. The genetic part
comes from biology. It has to do with a gene. Now, in order to understand how
genetic engineering works a little bit, we we need to understand something about
the gene and the context in which it does its work in a in a living cell.
About 30 years ago, it was first discovered that the carrier of genetic
information is a molecule called DNA and this is a very long string like molecule
that exists in the cell and it has written on it in a chemical language the
message that tells the cell how to operate and a unit of this message, we
might say, we would call a gene. Now, to give you an idea of the perspective that
we're talking about, if the DNA molecule were only 1/10 of an
inch in diameter, the amount of DNA in a living cell would be over 1,600 miles
long, but the distance compared Chicago. Now, this DNA gets compacted into a very
compact arrangement, if it were. If the 1,600 miles of string were wound into a
ball, it would be 10 feet 10 feet across, even if for no excess volume. Actually,
the cell isn't quite that efficient, it compacts to a ratio of about 10,000 to 1,
which means that our tenth of an inch string would get compacted into a ball,
maybe 500 feet in diameter, but this is still pretty awesome when you think of
that that the DNA then gets gets wound into this kind of a ball and it
still has to get read. Now, a gene a gene gets copied into another type of closely
similar type of molecule called RNA. The RNA molecule carries the message off
into the cell and in the process in the course of this, it gets processed. My
particular research interest is in the structure of the DNA itself in the cell,
how the the compaction occurs and the architecture of the DNA in the cell.
Ilga's interest is in the processing what happens after the message gets read, what
the cell does to it to compact the message and take it to a position in the
cell where where it can do its do its work. Mark Ross: You've recently developed a
research method here at the University and also some equipment to deal with
this highly complex architecture of genetic material. Could you amplify on
this for us, on your research, and the equipment? Dr. Rodney Harrington: Well, what we would like to do
of course is be able to see the nucleus of a cell inside see where the DNA is. In
scientific research dealing with molecules, we find ourselves a little bit
in the same position as the blind man and the elephant, five blind men all
examining a different portion of the elephant, comes to different conclusions
about what an elephant is. None of them are correct. If one of these blind men
could see the elephant stand off at a distance and see it of course then
there'd be no ambiguity about it at all. We can't see into a cell, our microscopes
aren't good enough. It's a fundamental law of physics at an ordinary light
microscope isn't adequate to resolve the level of detail that you'd have to see
to know where the DNA is being, is wound and the processes that are going on in a
cell. The electron microscope about which many people have heard, has the
sensitivity to resolve this detail, but unfortunately requires that the sample
be dried, this is this would be a little bit like taking a fish out of water and
deducing that it was a fish by completely drying it out and compressing
in flat flat plain and then trying to tell what the fish was all about. We'd
like to be able to see. This raises the question of how do we see? We, our eyes
are sensitive to light that's reflected off of an object. If you hold a hold a
piece of filament to a light and look through it you're looking at light
that's transmitted into the film, there's an additional optical property that we
don't ordinarily see with our with our normal vision. This this has a name that
makes quite a mouthful, it's called birefringence and many of you have seen
birefringence and if you worn polarized sunglasses and looked at the looked at
the safety glass in an automobile, you'll see a model defect what you're seeing is
birefringence and this is a manifestation of the structure of the
glass. Our interest is using this phenomenon to try to deduce something
about the intern- internal regions of the cell. Now, we can't see very well it's
we have a very bad case of cataracts. I mean, when we try to see inside the cell
with birefringence, but it's better than it's better than the traditional way of
feeling an elephant without being able to see anything at all. Mark Ross: Thank you. Dr.
Winicov, how does your research relate to this new technology. Dr. Ilga Winicov: My research tends
to be more in the functional line of genetic engineering, unlike Dr.
Harrington's who was talking who was talking primarily about the structural
aspect. Work in my laboratory is mostly directed towards seeing how that message
information that is available for the cell gets picked out or the particular
instance one of let's say it needs one kind of message to do one kind of a job
and then how is the cell goes around tailoring this particular message to fit
its function. Namely, if we have a piece of cloth, we can't necessarily see that
it's going to make a coat or a blouse or a jacket, but it needs to be tailed. Well,
the cell needs to do the same thing with the molecules. It needs to trim a little
bit here, add a little bit on another end before it can use it in for the function
that it was meant to you be used, and that's the
aspect of genetic engineering that I'm interested in, how the cell picks out
material, tailors it to use it properly for the function that it was intended to
be used. Mark Ross: Thank you. Also, where we know now that there are four million or so
diabetics in the United States alone and these people have to depend upon the
pancreas of cattle and pigs for their daily supply of insulin. How will then
this new genetic technology, all of this apply to diabetes and diabetics? How will
help them and also how will it affect the patient? Dr. Ilga Winicov: That's rather a complex
question to be answered all at once. First of all, for genetic engineering to
be able to use to be used in this context, you have to understand that by
genetic engineering, you mean you take out essentially a gene from a human cell
and in a controlled situation make that gene produce the product, in this case,
insulin, that you wish to use in a medical situation. By genetic engineering
methods, one can do this and having done this, there are obviously
the advantages that you spoke of. One of the advantages is that a human insulin
produced under those conditions is a hundred percent pure instead of being
only 97 98 percent pure, which is what comes when you get animal insulin.
Another case of course is that you have human insulin rather than animal insulin,
although it's compatible in the human system, it's still obviously better
because it comes from a human source. Then finally, of course, it's economics.
It's becoming increasingly more expensive to produce and obtain animal
insulin, while if you can do it in the controlled situation by genetic
engineering methods, it's going to become cheaper and therefore more easily
accessible to people who need it, and it's up currently in production in
several pharmaceutical companies. Mark Ross: There's been a lot of talk over the past year or
so of a new quote-unquote miracle drug of interferon. I know that it has been
used with some success in cancer therapy, but that there have been some problems
with impurities and expense and I'd like you to talk to us about interferon, if
you would and maybe other miracle drugs. Dr. Ilga Winicov: Expense is certainly a very major
consideration as far as interferon is concerned because it's a component of
cells that's produced in very very small quantities, so you have to have huge
amounts of material to be able to purify any of it to be even tried for clinical
trials or in laboratory procedures. By genetic engineering methods, once you've
isolated the gene for interferon, you can again put it in a laboratory condition
and essentially manufacture it by industrial methods to give you the kinds
of amounts of material that you need for, both trying it in laboratory and for
human trials in clinical situations. It is only one of the many things that are
being worked on in this kind of situation. For instance, the human growth
hormone that's very important that again it's produced by cells in the body in
very small quantities and to obtain it, you need much different kinds of
methodologies that we had available until now until essentially genetic
engineering came into play, where which gave us the capability of isolating
these things in the kinds of amounts of material that one needs to work with it.
Does that answer your question? Mark Ross: It does. I have other thoughts on it, which for a
long time it were it was the chemical a part of the community, the chemists as
such who were developing new drugs and all. Now, I understand much of this will
be coming from biology, the biochemical areas of science, which is the area that
you more or less to deal in. Is this correct? Ilga Winicov: Yes, I believe so because there
are many aspects of Medical Sciences, which involve both production of drugs,
production of vaccines, which have now become much more accessible to
manipulation and production because of the genetic engineering techniques. For
instance, hepatitis vaccines for years have been a great problem because one
could not produce that kind of vaccine. Now, having the genetic engineering
techniques where you can take essentially parts of the virus, multiply
it and then produce vaccine towards a component of the virus, make it a must
less dangerous procedure and therefore much more amenable again to industrial
production. Mark Ross: Thank you. Dr. Harrington, the National
Institute of Health estimates as many as 13 million Americans suffer from genetic
diseases and another statistic is six percent of all newborn babies suffer
from genetic problems. How will this new technology help in that area of genetic
diseases and with the newborn babies? Dr. Rodney Harrington: Well, that's perhaps a little more more
distant in the future, but it's a it's an area that's literally within our grasp
as we learn more about the fundamental nature of genes and how they operate in
cells. This is why I think basic research such as the type that that we do here in
our university labs is so important. We just simply because of the complexity of
the problem, we just simply don't understand how genes work, we're not able
yet to take a gene out of a human self, modify it, get rid of those qualities,
which lead to a genetic disease and then put it back into the cell in a in a
reliable sort of way. We we have to know much more about how the cell operates at
this level before we can do that, but when you stop
to think about how fast things have progressed in the last few years, I'm
very optimistic that the that this sort of technology will be within our grasp
and in a relatively short time. Mark Ross: What are some of the diseases that are related to
genetic genetic diseases, shall we say. Dr. Winicov, you had mentioned
hepatitis, are there any other...? Dr. Ilga Winicov: Well, hepatitis isn't really a genetic diseases
as defined because here, we were talking about producing a vaccine. There are
genetic diseases where you have a protein or an enzyme whose function is
necessary for the proper functioning of the body. If that protein or enzyme is
not made or is made incorrectly, it is going to lead to a disease uh there are
such things as a blood disease, which is called thalassemia uh whereby you do not
make sufficient amounts of hemoglobin, which carries the oxygen in your body
and if you have an improperly made hemoglobin molecule and obviously you're
not going to have proper oxygenation of your body. This is a genetically
inherited disease, it's controlled by a gene in the DNA, which sometimes may be
absent or sometimes will code for an improper protein, okay this would be an
example of a genetic disease that I suppose you would talk trying to direct
your questions back. Mark Ross: Also, Dr. I'd like to direct this question to you which is
about genetic agriculture. We're in a state the state of Nevada of course that
relies heavily on agriculture as our number one or one of our number one of
our big industry shall we say and what are some of the genetic some of the
applications of genetic engineering from an agricultural viewpoint? Dr. Ilga Winicov: I think just
like in medicine, there's been a great deal of excitement in agricultural
aspects of research regarding genetic engineering.
Some of the more obvious aspects of it has to deal with things like making
plants capable of nitrogen fixation, which is something that they normally
cannot do, you have to obviously use a great deal of nitrogen containing
fertilizers and it would be a great deal of advantage for the plants to fix
nitrogen from the air for their growth purposes.
Another aspect, would be genes that would control drought resistance of interest
in state like Nevada. Other aspects would be as well shall we say genes that carry
or well this is kind of agricultural related, but genes that would control
insect hormones as long-range goals for pesticide type for control of insects,
and one of the biggest things I think in genetic engineering is that it has now
given scientists a tool whereby they can take a gene from one kind of a plant or
insect and transfer to another kind of a plant in particular, which
normally would not be possible with the kinds of barriers that one can in cross
fertilization of different species of plants, so there's a great deal of
potential in that area. Mark Ross: Speaking of insects and agriculture, in your opinion
or your knowledge now, do you know has anything been done for something like
the Med fly, say possibly tailoring a gene for that?
That's pretty topical. Dr. Ilga Winicov: Well, nothing that I know has been done for it, but there
med fly like any other insects have hormones called pheromones, which are
attractants. Potentially, one could isolate a gene that produces this pheromone, make
it in laboratory in large quantities, and I suppose put it in areas that would
attract the med flies or like any other insect,
and thereby, catch them and control the population. I think this is the general
aspect of pheromone production and insect control that that's of great
interest to many people many laboratories and many investigators. Mark Ross: So,
for now though as far as med flies concern, we'll just have to probably keep
on spraying. Dr. Harrington, in any scientific research, I think there's
always considerable dialogue on the ethical questions involved in research
in genetic engineering itself. I feel that there are many ethical questions.
Could you share your views with us on some of these questions? I won't go into
the questions themselves, but just basic questions of genetic engineering.
Dr. Rodney Harrington: Well, genetic engineering of course opens up a lot of some new some very old
ethical questions that have actually been around ever since mankind started
any kind of technological advance. Genetic engineering poses a number of
rather peculiar special questions again many of these questions aren't aren't
new as far as the subject of genetics itself is concerned. One aspect of the
problem has been is the research safe safety in the laboratory and there have
been very stringent safeguards, most of which we found in the course of time
were much more stringent than they needed to be. Most of the research done
on genetic engineering is done with very enfeebled bacteria that simply can't
live outside the rich environment of the laboratory. Beyond this though when you
get into the question of modifying genes, changing people, changing the genetic
characteristic of people, plants, and animals like you get into into very
major ethical questions as scientists. I personally subscribe to the point of
view that it's our obligation to keep the public
keep the rest of the citizenry informed of what we're doing and the implications
of what we're doing. I don't think as a scientist I'm any more qualified to to
make ethical judgments and in fact the one thing that it makes me really
tremble with fear is the concept of ethical judgments being made by any
small small group of people. We've had we've had that the debate on eugenics
has been around for a long time. We fought a world war against the society
that proposed the experiment in genetics. The human race blunders along and it saw
it deals with these problems and what seems like a very inefficient way. We
debate, we point with pride, we view with alarm, but as we have in the past we
generally manage to to survive, we managed to solve these ethical questions.
Personally, I'm much more at home and comfortable working in areas in this in
the context of the university where where the research is open, where it can
be constantly viewed by by people in the humanities, by artists, by students who
often as we all know ask embarrassing questions. I think it's very important
that we keep this whole question open and and and let everyone have a have a
have a say on the ethical matters. I'm not pessimistic or fearful that that
we've opened a can of worms, it's going to it's going to do us in. I would only
be fearful in this way if if a small group of people, scientists, or anyone
else proposed to make the decisions as to as to how genetic engineering might
be used to improve the human race then I would be very concerned. Mark Ross: I think
basically the genetic research probably justifies the questions to begin with. We
need to do the research. Back to your research programs, doctor, here at the
University. How are they supported? Would you? Dr. Rodney Harrington: Most of the research in the areas
that Ilga and I do are supported by one or two federally,
the National Institutes of Health and the National Science Foundation. My most
of my work is supported by the National Science Foundation, my work on the
structure of the genetic material. It might it might be worth pointing out
that these research grants that we get are very highly competitive things,
they're not automatically given as a matter of fact. Both of these federal
agencies fund only only 40% of those proposals that are deemed worthy of
support by a peer-review process of other science. Only 40% of fundable
grants actually get funded and I have no idea what the percentage of grants that
are received by the agencies that aren't considered worthy by the panel's of
scientists and and industrial university scientists that that make
these value judgments, but it's a very competitive process and seems to work
very well, it's a filtering process. Mark Ross: That in itself would be interesting,
applying for your particular type of grant. I understand that your grant
itself was a forty seven thousand dollar grant. Is this considered an acceptable
figure in terms of what you're trying to do your research? Is it a drop in the
bucket? Dr. Rodney Harrington: Well, it's adequate. It's a drop in the
bucket compared to the experiments that I can visualize, but everyone would have
that experience it's about an average science grant for the National Science
Foundation nationwide. Mark Ross: What role does the state say the state of Nevada play in
participating toward the grant? Is it more on a federal level? Dr. Rodney Harrington: The money comes
from in the federal level. The research is done using facilities provided by the
University and in return for which the University gets a percentage of the
grant, which is called an overhead an amount and this is supposed to
compensate the university for its for its additional expenditures. Now, as a
matter of fact however the the grant does does bring a net influx of money
into the state in addition to what the university gets
in its overhead. The grant does create jobs. It's providing the support from one
student and a full-time technician at the present time. Mark Ross: Dr. Winicov, time is
running short on our program, but I'd like to talk to you about the go into
more depth on the educational implications of this particular research,
what it is really doing for the University as such. Dr. Ilga WInicov: Well, there are two
aspects of it, one is a very necessary aspect of
university for I suppose philosophy of education and that is keeping really
current and up-to-date in all the things that are progressing in science fields
as rapidly as I can, having faculty members on campus that
are actively engaged in research in these areas, such as genetic engineering
gives the university the added sort of up-to-date expertise in these areas by
having people who are actually engaged in the research, keeping who are . also by
means of being engaged in it keeping up to date with it, who are communicating
with other members who are carrying out that kind of kind of work in the United
States, which in not really very far succession filters down to the students
almost immediately because if there's something really exciting going on in
the field of science, you're going to be interested in it, you're going to be
excited about it, you're going to talk to your colleagues about it and you're
going to talk to your students about it. So, the university here has the fortune
of having a number of faculty who are very actively engaged in this kind of
work and therefore can impart both some of the facilities equipment that comes
with grant monies on these projects and the
expertise and the knowledge and I hope the excitement of field that's going
very rapidly and would tremendously came out. Dr. Rodney Harrington: There's also the matter of training
training students the genetic engineering field at the moment is is
people poor and there's a great job opportunity for students studying in
this area and the University certainly has an obligation to provide students
with this kind of expertise. Mark Ross: A good point and we'd like to thank you today, Dr.
Harrington for being with us, Dr. Winicov, we know you've taken
time out of a busy schedule and I hope it's been informative for the viewers.
We'd like to leave the show with a quote from Dr. Paul Berg of Stanford
University who himself is a Nobel laureate. Dr. Berg says that: "the genetic
research has opened a new era of scientific discovery this is one that
will promise to influence our future in many many ways." Thank you.
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