Hi. My name is Jorn.
You probably have some questions after watching the previous video.
What is digital happiness?
What does ADE have to do with it?
And who were those mysterious men tracking our reporters?
Menno and Thijs,
you were the two mysterious men who tracked our reporters.
Menno, can you tell us why?
That's simple. We're researching digital happiness.
What is digital happiness?
It is a broad concept.
It's not only enjoyment, but also having meaning, purpose,
getting into a flow when reading or gaming.
It's the influence technology has on people's happiness.
We also see it as a prediction.
We say that companies that focus
on the digital happiness of their clients and staff will be more successful.
That's what we claim.
What does that have to do with ADE?
ADE dives deep into youth culture.
We want to know what makes young people happy.
That's why we've kitted them out with all those measuring devices.
At the start of ADE you ran a master class.
We gave six reporters a Fitbit to measure their heart rate.
They have Spires to measure their breathing.
We also tracked them via GPS so we knew exactly what they were up to.
We have a lot of footage. Let's watch some of it.
Good idea.
Hi, I'm reporting on digital happiness and I was wondering,
do you think artificial intelligence will improve the digital happiness of people
or do you think there will be a counter movement against all this technology
because it is making us less happy?
I've just finished at the DeLaMar Theater.
I attended a lecture about the acceptance of artificial intelligence.
It was about a new way to make music.
It was about computer generated music.
It was about a new project in which a computer creates music.
If a computer creates music, who owns the rights?
You discussed this point in your master class.
You have a Beatles song, created by artificial intelligence.
Do you think this will become more common in the future?
It's happening now.
In our example all Beatles songs were stored together,
and we set an intelligent computer system to work.
The task was to create a new Beatles song.
Our tests show that nobody actually liked the new song.
So we're not there yet.
Do you think human input will always be necessary?
In this case, yes.
It's not relevant how...
I think computers will be used more but they won't do everything.
Her question is relevant.
It's more than whose idea it was and who earns royalties.
What about a self-driving car? What if it causes an accident?
Who is responsible? -Exactly.
So the other side of the coin is very important.
We're a long way off figuring out a solution.
That was a great question. -Indeed.
Ready?
I'm outside the DeLaMar Theater but before I go in,
I'm going to Café Weber for a lecture presented by the bosses at Soulbase.
They will discuss how to market yourself.
I'm going to ask them their thoughts on digital happiness.
I asked the men from Soulbase how they define digital happiness.
Does technology increase or decrease happiness?
They said the following.
Thanks to digital technologies, they can show off photos of their kids.
Digital connects them with their family.
They travel a lot so they use Facetime.
They don't get to talk to family who live far away very often.
So it comes down to connectedness, feeling connected.
Technology can cause people to be disconnected,
but it also connects people.
I say to that, embrace technology.
Isn't that great? -She's very positive.
She mentions how technology connects but also disconnects people
and how this can affect digital happiness.
Do you see it like that?
I expect to hear more about this.
She mentions it and I expect the others to say the same.
It is exactly what people do.
You're at a party and grab your phone.
It's the same as sending your friends photos of your children.
Sometimes you love it, sometimes you don't.
It's an important theme that keeps appearing in research.
The social aspect, being connected.
What influence does technology have on intimate relationships, real interactions?
A term we use is 'alone together'. It applies to people more and more.
Sherry Turkle has written a great book about this.
What you should remember is that you're in charge.
You can put the phone down when you're with friends.
Most research into happiness
shows that happiness comes from intimate relationships.
Your digital device can get in the way.
This is your research area, so what is digital happiness?
Keep it short.
Lots of things.
Knowing how to use all digital opportunities that are available to us.
At the moment we're mostly reflecting on the impact on our happiness.
And that is what you are researching. -Indeed.
Interesting. -Let's move on.
I am at De Brakke Grond.
I'm about to see a live set by Surgeon and Lady Starlight.
I'm very excited.
I'm going to watch the set and see what tunes he will play.
I wonder what he'll teach us.
One thing I've noticed is that ADE draws a very international crowd.
I've seen international producers and music labels.
I've noticed that technology is absolutely everywhere.
All lecturers use technology.
All DJs have a lot of tech gear.
There are cameras everywhere. People taking photos and videos.
Everything is recorded.
Just like what I am doing right now.
I like how technology is blending in with our society.
I can't wait to see what the future will bring.
Once you start looking for technology,
you notice that it is absolutely everywhere.
Let's look at the next person, Bauke.
Nice to meet you. I'm Bauke Bakker.
I'm investigating digital happiness and they've given me an awesome watch.
Pretty cool as you can see.
It measures my heart rate. The other device measures my breathing.
They will keep track of how I'm managing things.
He's talking about the Fitbit and Spire.
I see. Why?
The Fitbit tracks the heart rate.
The Spire measures breathing.
We streamed all the data live on a website.
The reporters' reflections have been very interesting.
How do they like their heart rate being monitored?
How do they like becoming aware of changes in their breathing?
They all said similar things about noticing how they feel.
Their reflections are very interesting.
The first reflection we received
was from our organisation, feeling nervous about our plans.
It took a while to convince them it was a good plan.
It's good that they take things seriously because you're tracking real people.
Our reporters are volunteers and have given permission for us to track them.
So we were after their reactions. I wonder what he has to say.
Shall we look?
It's four past six and time to head out the door.
I'm going to the Melkweg.
I'm seeing Jameszoo and the Metropole Orchestra.
I have to get going now.
This was just to introduce myself.
And...
I have to get ready. I'm in a rush.
I love gadgets,
but my happiness is overruled by feelings of stress.
I have to remember to take a million things, everything has to be charged.
Do I have everything?
Can I get going?
It causes a lot of stress.
Would you call that stress digital unhappiness?
You have to stay connected so keeping everything charged causes stress.
I don't know if it's unhappiness.
All the stimuli can contribute to feeling stressed.
What I've noticed personally,
is that I get itchy if my mobile is getting low on batteries
when I know I will need it later.
Do you know if this time of unlimited technical possibilities
leads us to feel more stressed than 20 years ago?
We had a good speaker at our conference.
Professor Witte Hoogendijk spoke at our conference about digital happiness.
He's written the book 'From Big Bang to Burn-out'.
He says that those stimuli contribute to a higher incidence of burn-out.
It's simple, really.
Part of the brain is stimulated
when there is a danger, so this very useful.
You see an animal coming for you... This is all linked to evolution theory.
You get the same stimulus when your phone beeps.
That causes a similar moment in the brain.
If you get too many of these stimuli, dysfunctional stimuli,
your body creates a substance.
The stress inducing elements of the digital world,
his research has shown, leads to an increased number of burn-outs.
That's a serious topic that needs to be discussed regarding digital happiness.
Our whole society might be headed in a downwards spiral.
So technology does not guarantee happiness?
Definitely not.
That is true for all technologies.
It applies to everything, even cars.
Everything we create has elements of happiness and unhappiness.
Right.
Shall we see how happy he is?
We have to remember he has an injury.
Let's see how happy or unhappy all this technology makes me.
I think it will make me happy. I'm happy already. I like gadgets.
People are looking at me funny because I'm vlogging.
I used an app to check the arrival time of my tram.
It's on the signs too but the app told me it will be here in two minutes.
Technology has helped.
Everywhere you look are screens and digital devices.
There are many ads for apps and other things.
You asked me a question and you have a tablet.
I was wondering if you suffer from techno stress.
Do you know what that is? -I do. I'm always checking my phone.
Sometimes messages wake me up.
Does it make you happy? -The stimuli.
Yes, I have a lot of social interactions.
You can always look anything up, so it does make me happy.
Thanks. -Was that all?
I think this is exactly what we were just talking about.
On the one hand there is the convenience. You know the tram is on its way.
On the other hand there is the stress, as the girl mentions.
That was nice of her to help me.
She made me realise that I do absolutely everything online.
I don't know if that makes me happy or unhappy.
We're now at the Melkweg, in the Rabozaal.
It's rather loud in here. They're recording for radio.
I'm speaking with...
What is your name? -Jolanda.
I've asked Jolanda
what life was like before apps and smartphones.
Were you more or less happy than now?
I'm a little older, but I love technology so it makes me happy.
Does it ever make you feel stressed?
Not at all. I just put it away.
Perfect. Thank you. -You're welcome.
That lady says that if it makes her feel stressed, she puts it away.
That's how simple it can be. -No offence, but she is a little older.
It might be more difficult for younger people.
Does that worry you?
It's easy to say, but not so easy to do.
People work fulltime
to design apps that are as addictive as possible.
They apply psychological tricks.
An example is the infinite timeline on Facebook.
You can keep scrolling forever. -There's always more.
Exactly.
Instagram shows you your likes one at a time.
They show you your likes one at a time
so that you keep going back to the app.
The simple solution is doing what this lady suggested.
Sure. -Right?
There should be an etiquette, a new attitude towards technology.
Just put it away.
Very useful feedback for your research. -Indeed.
Let's move on. -We're on our way to the ADE.
Hi. We're on our way to the Urban Art Festival.
We're going to collect our tickets and then on to the Urban Art Festival.
I have... -They are very smart.
The passenger does the filming, not the driver.
These days you see a lot of people
recording a vlog while they are driving.
They do all sorts. -Messaging.
The number of fatal accidents on our roads has risen.
There was a downward trend, but now it's going up again.
Because of things like that.
Do you think it is getting worse?
Are people going to become even more dangerous on the roads?
Technology will sort this out.
There are cameras everywhere that can see what you're up to.
If the fines go up, people will leave their phones alone.
Another aspect is that it is new. Ten years ago we couldn't do these things.
We now realise it's not a smart thing to do
and the government adapts the laws for bikes and cars.
I'm wearing a Fitbit to measure my heart rate. My Spire measures my breathing.
We will see how things go today.
Thanks and have fun.
Speaking of digital happiness, I refer you to this painting.
It makes me very happy.
Among friends we use Snapchat
to send bad photos of ourselves like this.
Receiving such photos from friends makes me very happy.
The funny thing is, I interviewed her there at the Urban Art Festival.
She said that on Instagram she tries to portray herself as perfect.
It's interesting that bad photos make her happy.
The question is,
if bad photos of others make her happy, does she only post beautiful selfies?
Or does she participate? -Exactly.
I hope she participates. -Me too.
She says that she enjoys sharing bad photos privately with friends.
But on Instagram, where photos are more public, she goes for nice photos.
It seems that how people display themselves publicly
is not as truthful as how they portray themselves privately.
Maybe WhatsApp and Snapchat are more personal than Instagram.
Is that what she's trying to say?
What does digital happiness mean to you?
Through digital technologies you can reach more people.
You can share what you're doing with others.
Sharing is what brings me happiness.
What does digital happiness mean to you?
The way in which the digital world and the physical world can enhance each other.
Technology is a tool, a bit like an extension of your body.
It brings us more opportunities.
He's pretty positive. -He is.
I like that people define digital happiness in different ways.
It's different for everyone. I think we're about to see some more.
Another definition? Let's watch.
What is digital happiness?
Digital happiness is technology that makes our lives easier.
It gives us moments of happiness and innovation.
We can stay connected with each other and we can be creative.
Are you digital happy? -I am. I embrace technology.
What did you notice?
She's really going for it.
Embrace technology.
There's such a positive vibe about her.
That's how it goes. You dive in and make it work for yourself.
I think...
The lesson is that we should be like that.
Embrace technology? -And make it work for us.
Embracing it is not enough. You need to do something useful with it.
And that is up to us.
We don't want technology to tell us what to do.
We can make it into something great.
That's digital happiness.
The idea that technologically speaking, anything is possible.
We can embrace it all.
The question is, if anything is possible, what will we do?
If we embrace it, what kind of society do we want to create?
How do we want to live? -Is that right?
Do we determine what technology does and not the other way around?
We are a much bigger influence than we think.
You think you're just following the crowd, but in reality...
One thing that algorithms can't do, is setting goals.
The goals set for algorithms are written by people.
Algorithms are capable of a lot, but that is done by people.
So we have a voice.
What do you think?
We determine what technology does.
We all use Facebook. We choose to use this or that.
We can shape what's out there.
Who has most power? The user or big powerful companies?
People call them the Frightful Five: Google, Microsoft, Facebook...
We can shape their work by being clear about what we want technology to do.
Let's see what Dwayne thinks.
What does digital happiness mean to you? -Let's see. Digital happiness.
What makes me happy
is that things run more efficiently because of technology.
Just think of the mobile phone. We used to use phone books.
Now you store the number and ring.
So you mean that things are faster? -Faster and more efficient.
It saves you time.
Can you imagine using a phone book these days?
I'm so used to doing without.
It's the norm now.
What does digital happiness mean?
To have the freedom to do your own research,
to have access to varying opinions.
We no longer have to accept what we're told.
We can check the facts ourselves. What are the pros and cons?
Having the freedom to make my own decisions makes me happy.
She's very positive. -Indeed.
Access to knowledge and information, and judging what is real and what isn't.
Fake news comes to mind.
I am finding it increasingly hard to determine what is real.
Which videos have been acted out?
There's more information available, but we run the risk of drowning in it.
She's very positive. I like that.
She has a point. We have more access to knowledge.
The internet can make you smarter.
That's how it is.
Fake news is so dominant that you forget about the rest.
I liked that she says that you can find anything online.
The main thing is that you can broaden your horizons, get new ideas.
Fake news is only a minor part of what's out there.
I like that she brought that up.
We've seen what digital happiness means to our reporters.
The opposite of that is digital unhappiness.
We spoke to them about that too. Let's have a look.
This should be interesting.
How do you define digital unhappiness?
I feel it when I'm on social media a lot.
Social media creates a perfect picture,
with influencers, bloggers, photos, possessions.
If I'm on social media a lot, I fear I'm missing out.
Then I wish I was in Italy too. Or I wish I had a Chanel bag.
Sometimes I get a bit carried away by what other people post.
As Rietke mentioned before, people try to portray a perfect life.
I'm rather susceptible to this. -How do you mean susceptible?
I tend to be impressed by other people's perfect lives.
Then I feel pressured to post great photos.
I can be very critical of photos that were taken when I had a great time.
Such photos should make me happy...
I like spontaneous photos in which people don't look their best.
A point of concern is that people of a vulnerable age,
I don't know if that applies to her...
The impact is much bigger than it is for older people.
Great unhappiness can be caused by what goes on digitally.
I think that is something we're finding for this generation.
We heard about a fear of missing out. That's new.
People can be very critical of themselves.
You had a good time, but you must make sure it looks good.
Isn't that sad? One bad photo can ruin an otherwise great memory.
So the digital effect is bigger than the real thing.
I notice I do that myself even though I'm not very focussed on it.
You try to make things look better than they actually were.
That might make you experience a moment in a very different way.
That might be the case for our reporters at ADE.
Their experience of ADE
might be affected by a desire to make it look better than it was.
I have a feeling they live two lives.
They have a digital identity and a real identity.
I'm seeing a struggle between the two.
I think that that struggle is present in real life too.
Who I am at work or with strangers is different from who I am at home.
In the digital world there is Facebook. -That's yet another persona.
There's no clear separation.
Our reporters all had Fitbits and Spires.
What is the reason for giving these to our reporters?
In addition to that, we followed them live.
We measured the reporters' heart rates and breathing
and we could always see what they were doing.
We were very interested to find out if that affected them.
Does knowing someone is spying on them, keeping an eye on them,
have an effect on their happiness?
We also followed #ADE on Twitter.
We did an automated sentiment analysis.
We checked how they expressed their emotions on Twitter.
How often did they post happy, angry or sad messages?
They were happy.
These are people at a party
so it's expected that happiness is the dominant emotion.
If we carried out this experiment in different circumstances,
the results would be more varied.
What did the reporters think? -This is my pedometer.
Your Fitbit. -My Fitbit.
I was very surprised to see how many steps I got.
I'd never given it any thought.
It helps me to stay in control.
It tells me when I exceed the limit.
And it's funny... -Does that bring you happiness?
It does at the moment because it's new to me.
I am enjoying the experience.
We discussed this earlier.
Whether technology is in charge or not.
That's right.
That's one of the elements of digital happiness.
The level of autonomy that people have.
If all autonomy is taken away
and you tell the person they should do some meditation,
they won't experience happiness.
People have to be free in their choices.
They call that positive computing these days.
You build a system that makes the user aware of things,
but it leaves the responsibility with the individual.
Are these results what you were expecting?
This is a small part of a much bigger research project.
The project will take 18 months.
This takes a very close look at youth culture at the ADE event.
So this part was very focussed but we will be doing more.
When will the whole project be finished?
We're writing four reports. The final report is due in 18 months.
The final report focusses on this generation.
How does this generation,
people who have grown up with digital tools,
how do they define happiness
and how do they get a grip on their digital lives?
I can't wait to read the reports.
Good luck. -Thank you.
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