Very good morning to everyone
today we will discuss the topic Universalisation of Elementary Education
and before I begin with the topic, I would like to introduce myself.
I am Miss Deepti Madhura, Assistant Professor from Amity Institute of Education , New Delhi.
So let's first understand that what exactly is Elementary Education in India and how are the school stages divided in India.
To the first stage is the preschool which is for the students in the age group of 3 to 6 years of age
next comes in the elementary level which is divided into two parts primary and the upper primary.
the next one is the secondary and the last one is the higher secondary level.
So, basically we are saying that the elementary level of education is divided into two parts.
the first one is the primary and the second one is the upper primary.
Now upper primary and primary they are different.
First Primary is for the age group of 6 to 11 years and classes from I to V are considered in the primary level.
and as I said the age group is 6 to 11 years.
The second one which is the upper primary stage which is for classes VI to VIII and the age group is 11 to 14 years of age.
So we are saying VI to VIII and class the age group is 11 to 14 years.
Now this level is the elementary level.
We are saying that we are working on the universalisation of the elementary level.
Than how is it that we can spread the elementary education across India.
that is what we're discussing today.
so basically the meaning of universalisation of elementary education means availability of education everywhere, according to the specific need of the child and place.
so we are saying that for example a child is staying in a rural area.
so maybe probably because of the less of money or because of the poverty he would like to start working after class VIII or maybe after getting a basic requirement of education
so with that education if we add a vocational subject to it; so we are helping him to earn money at age when he reaches close to the age of 16 or 17.
so according to the need of the child we are giving him education adding a vocational subject a bit early in the rural areas which might help him as compared to the urban areas.
so we are saying that availability of education everywhere according to the specific need of the child and place.
the second thing which comes under universalisation of education is that it can also be defined as the availability and equal opportunity to everyone so that they can educate themselves.
so we are saying that there are two things which are coming under universalisation of education.
The first one is availability of education, that's the first one and the second one is availability of education is as per the equal opportunity that we are giving to everyone so equal opportunity.
this is what we are saying here availability of education and giving equal opportunity.
so we can also justify this by saying that universalisation of education.
free education has four things --
what do I mean by universal access -- Universal access is that every child is getting benefit of the education. everywhere it is available he can easily access it.
if he is staying in some remote area of Bihar, or maybe some remote area of Jammu and Kashmir, he has the school and he is able to get the education.
nobody can deny him for the education.
the second one we are saying is "universal enrollment".
that's the second one.
now under Universal enrollment we are saying that we cannot deny anyone from admission.
we cannot say that oh you from this particular caste and we are asking you not to join our school.
we cannot deny that
we cannot tell a child that oh you belong to a very poor background so we're not giving you any admission.
If he can afford the fees nobody can deny him and if the education is free of cost then of course you cannot deny a child on the basis of saying that oh you are from poor background.
so that is universal enrollment.
the third one is universal retention now Universal attention.
As the word retention is saying that, we are retaining the child;
we would like to decrease the dropout rate.
we want the child to complete his education and not leave his education right after class V or after VIII which usually happens with girls in rural areas because of may be the sanitation problem; or because of the family pressure; or maybe because of the child marriage;
so the school in the universe concept is trying to retain the child.
At times even when the child is not able to continue with his education because he finds it quite boring, he thinks that this education is of no use to me;
so that is universal retention; so we are trying that the child continues with his education and doesn't drop out;
the last one in Universalization is "universal achievement" through quality education.
Under Universal achievement, we are saying that you're telling the child that please work hard and the evaluation score is such that the child is able to get at least above 50% if not a 99% but at least he is able to pass the exams.
so we are waiting for a situation where everybody in the school is able to pass the exam.
now just Universal achievement can come only if there is quality in education, only if we have educated teachers, only if we are teaching the child as per his interest so as to gain his interest towards the subject. so that he passes the exams easily.
so that is what universalisation of elementary education is all about.
so it basically says availability of education and equal opportunity for everyone.
These are the two concepts under universalisation of Elementary Education.
the next one says that there are 4 things which universalisation of elementary education is trying to do.
The first one is universal access -- everybody get get free access to study, everybody has the facility to study.
the second one says -- Universal enrollment, everybody gets the admission in the school.
the third one says -- Universal retention now Universal retention is about retaining the child in the school.
And the fourth one is -- universal achievement, Universal achievement is saying that the child is able to pass exams
Access to mil gaya, enrollment bhi mil gaya, retention bhi mil gaya, what about the achievement.
what about the achievement that whether he is able to retain get the desired scores or not.
this is what is universalisation of education.
There are various projects which have come up under the universalisation of elementary education and we will discuss about all these projects.
As I was saying that we will we are discussing about the projects under the universalisation of Elementary Education.
The first one under this that we will discuss today is -- Uttar Pradesh Basic Education project.
As the name says this project was under Uttar Pradesh Government.
I'm sure this much is clear to everyone,
that says Uttar Pradesh Basic Education Project --
this project was under the Government of Uttar Pradesh.
And this projects is the basic education project was launched by the UP State Government under assistance of World Bank in 1993.
So that was roughly around 20 years back that we started with this project.
A society of Uttar Pradesh called -- "Sabhi Ke liye Shiksha Pariyojna Parishad",
UP Education for all project board was intrusted the responsibility to implement the project.
This project had various objectives.
For every project, we will study about the objectives, the strategies and the activities under it.
The first objective is what we are going to study about it.
The second one is the strategies and the third one is the activities under this project.
so all these three things for all the four projects that we're going to discuss about.
First let's begin with the objective of the Uttar Pradesh Basic Education project was -- "universalisation of primary education".
as we just discussed universalisation of Elementary Education
Before that we had the universalisation of primary education upper primary and your primary level.
second one was -- Universal achievement program for minimum level of learning.
you are saying that at least the child is able to complete his you know maybe till Class V or till class VIII or maybe he is a lower secondary level or the higher secondary level, he is able to achieve that particular result.
the next one says "provision of education and skill program for the youth" or "skill development program for the youth".
next objective was "female empowerment" and "greater gender equality in education".
that says that the objective of this particular project was that we are empowering our female in the society and there is gender equality in education that girls are not barred from taking education.
and the next objective was equal education opportunity to the scheduled caste and Scheduled tribe children;
that they are also given the education as per the schedule or whether they are scheduled caste and Scheduled tribe.
so basically again we are talking about equality.
Right.
next we move on to the strategies that were adopted.
for the next thing is the strategies of Uttar Pradesh Basic Education project.
that basically what all did they do what was there in their mind.
the first one was strong framework of state and district level planning management and professional support.
State Organisation was established to build the institutional capacity to plan, manage and evaluate different basic education development programmes.
the different programs were developed.
Second strategy that they adopted was "early childhood education curriculum" and "text book revision", "in service training", "women and girl education", "strengthening school management" were used to improve quality of education.
the next strategy was improving access to basic education in 10 districts by constructing more primary and upper primary schools in deprived areas and supporting "redesign implementation of non formal education" for out of school children.
so we have done objectives and strategies
now moving onto the activities.
what activities they have designed.
the first one was educational activities on culture and communication.
second activities that were there in the mind work, science and environment; all the activities which would related to the environment that is what was there in the mind.
the third one was creating a sense of Social Justice.
again it is related to equality and everybody is given the equality.
that we all are equal and there is justice all around.
right.
so we have discussed about Uttar Pradesh Basic Education project.
now the second one is the Bihar education project.
now Bihar education project is again we will study it under these three heads -- what was the objective, what is the strategy, and what are the activities that were designed.
The Bihar education project
now "Bihar education project", as your name suggests again.
it is related to the state of Bihar in India.
the first one was related to Uttar Pradesh, second one is related to Bihar.
it says UNICEF , Government of India and government of Bihar had jointly undertaken this project.
the project lays special emphasis on the education of deprived section of the society, such as the scheduled caste and Scheduled tribe; and of course the women which were lagging behind.
so UNICEF, Government of India and the government of Bihar, all three of them together the join their hands just to lay emphasis on the education.
what three sections were given importance, schedule caste, Scheduled Tribes, and the women in the society of Bihar.
so the objectives of the project again the similar ones, the first one was universalisation of primary education; second one orientation of the educational system so as to serve the objectives of equality for women and their empowerment.
next objective making necessary interventions to provide equal educational opportunity to adults and children belonging to the lower caste, ethnic communities, and poorest sections of the society.
The last objective of that project was, to increase enrollment capacity of the education and reduce the drop out, especially of the girls, and the scheduled caste students.
we all are aware that the girls in every rural area are not given that much of importance.
So all these projects whether it is Uttar Pradesh project or whether it's the Bihar education project, all are working towards the upliftment of the women in the society, or girls in the society.
So the strategies that they formed were -- the first one construction of about 11000 primary and upper primary classroom.
that was the first strategies that till the time we don't have the classroom where will we ask the students to come and sit.
we need to give them in environment which at least looks like a classroom.
a closed door where we can concentrate on education where we can just talk about education.
so first strategy was construction of 11000 primary and upper primary classrooms.
the second one was recruitment of about 16000 additional teachers.
There were lack of teachers and under this project of Bihar education we added 16000 teachers.
we are saying that we need more teachers so that the education facility is of standard.
the next one was training of the newly recruited teachers.
this project stated that if the teachers who are being recruited they are not properly trained we cannot retain the child in the school.
they have to be trained to teach every child in the classroom irrespective of the background, irrespective of their mental ability.
the training them was very much important
the next strategy was, provision of the materials that has to be constructed in the school for the child and also the provision of increasing the infrastructure in the school.
various labs have to be opened so that the child is able to get the practical knowledge of the subjects.
he has a place where he can you not study more about a particular subject
the next strategy that the stated was participatory planning and implementation.
everything had to go with a plan and has to be implemented and the implementation of "Mahila samakhya" a component.
Basically again involving women into education.
so the activities that they did in the Bihar education project --
the first one was organisation of village education committee and community involvement
in the program implementation at The Grass root level, which was very essential, which is very important
that from village or from the grassroot level we start creating awareness that education is important and it is very beneficial for your child.
so what they started doing that the created communities from the villages.
a village election committee was formed which had the people from the village who constituted it and encouraged the people in the village to send their child to the school.
the next activity was -- non formal education through the non government organisations.
nonformal education through NGO's means that you are through various channels your are making the child study and also taking the help from the NGOs.
now if the child is not able to go to the school
we are helping them
By going to where the child is going and teaching in there itself.
if he doesn't want to come to the classroom maybe under a tree we are just making him sit and we have some volunteers who is teaching him there; just because he wants to sit there and study.
you not restricting it to the classroom or to the school, so taking help from the various NGOs.
the next one is organisation of state level workshop, training of key persons and primary teachers for minimum level of learning is given,
constitution of core group at district level for women's development;
enrollment drives, poster workshops, expansion of the concept of rural libraries, etc.
these are what they worked on.
introduction of computerized monitoring system for the education sector.
working on the you know computerise monitoring that everything in the education sector is working.
maintaining a record that whether everyone of sector of in the society is getting all the things that are required for education; the activities that they considered were the first one was Mahila samakhya, which meant to establish local accountability of the schools to play and active role in
management of ECCE & NFE Centre; support teachers and participate in "VEC" -- that is one of the major activity that they work on.
now moving on to the next project which was the "Lok jumbish".
Lok jumbish is the project from Rajasthan.
So the first one is from Uttar Pradesh second is Bihar and next one is from Rajasthan which is Lok jumbish.
I'm writing the name of the state here which says Rajasthan
the name of the project is Lok jumbish.
Lok jumbish project -- as a name says Lok is people.
it is referred to the term people in Hindi.
now it says Lok jumbish, people's movement for education for all.
that is what it meant it said that it was launched in the year 1992 by the Government of Rajasthan with the support of "Swedish International development" (SIDA stands Swedish International Development Authority).
they started with this project for of education which was called Lok jumbish.
it is a program for achieving main goal of universalisation of elementary education up to the satisfactory level through formal as well as the non formal and functional literacy.
so basically we're talking about the universalisation of elementary education.
this project said that we would like to spread education at the elementary level
and did it could be in two forms -- either formal or non formal.
So either the formal education or through non formal education the target is to teach the child; the child should be taught and using both ways we have to achieve universalisation of Elementary Education.
it mainly emphasis on girls education and development, for literacy and continuing education with immediate goals of establishment of the management system, and initiation of activities for peoples mobilization.
this is what the concept said.
the objective were to achieve education for all by the year 2002 through people's mobilisation and their participation; to ensure improvement in enrollment of girls by paying attention to the girl child and the women; to empower women by making education as an instrument of equality;
to bring literacy level up to 80% in the age group of 15 to 35.
the next on we move on to the strategy to develop a mechanism at bottom level, like "Eric Dal Bhawan Nirman Samiti", village education committee, "Khan satria Shiksha Prabandhak" committee, it also said "Advaika munch" was created for getting participation of the women.
to increase the participation of the women we had the "Adhyapika Manch" which was created for the participation.
next activity was to increase the number of functionaries at all the levels to start Matrix system of Management to fulfill their responsibility of working area;
review planning meetings of all the functionaries at cluster and block level was held in every month to review work and plan for next month;
and the same process is repeated at the state level with to 2 to 3 people.
next was "praveshotsav", it is an event through which a positive and creative environment is created for education amongst the children, the school, and community.
Finally activities under this were -- hostels for the tribal children, "Madarsa School Health Programme", "Anganwadi centres", "Mahila Shikshak Vihar", and "Balika Shikshak Shivir".
All these were the activities under "lok jumbish".
today we have discussed about universalisation of Elementary Education; its meaning; and then we discussed about 3 projects
first one is the Uttar Pradesh Basic Education project; the second one is the Bihar education project; and the third one is for the project from Rajasthan "lok jumbish".
and all this 3 projects we studied about their objectives, strategies, and the activities under them.
I hope the session was clear
THANK YOU SO MUCH
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